Malaysia Journal of Invention and Innovation
Malaysia Journal of Invention and Innovation (MJII) is an international journal that provides leading edge research and findings focussing on theories, methods, invention, innovation, and applications in all fields especially in Social Sciences, Science and Technology, Informatics, Science, and related field of study. MJII is an Online journal and adopted Double-Blind Reviewed and it being published Bi-Monthly. Papers are selected based on strict peer review process to ensure the originality, novelty, and impact of publication to wider audience. Publishing your paper on MJII is very affordable and accessible to readers as we implemented the open-publication initiatives. MJII is run by the Academica Press Solutions for the scientific community. Moreover, the online publication process is fast thanks to the software system that runs the entire editorial procedure. JOURNAL PARTICULARS Title: Malaysia Journal of Invention and Innovation Frequency: Bimonthly (6 issues per year) ISSN: 2976-2170 Journal DOI Prefix: Not Applicable Publisher: Academica Press Solutions, Batu 23, Kg Jias, 17000 Pasir Mas, Kelantan, MALAYSIA. Chief Editor: Ts. Inv. Dr. Mohamad Rahimi Mohamad Rosman Starting Year: 2022 Subject: Social Science, Health Science, Science and Technology, Informatics, Information Management, Content Management, Records Management, Management, Business and Management, Accountancy, Policy Studies, Communication {focusing on elements of invention and innovation}. Accepted Language: English & Malay Publication Format: Online Contact: +60 19989 1306 Email: hello.academicapress@gmail.com Website: https://journal.academicapress.org/aps/index.php/mjii
The authors of MJII retain copyright to the content of the articles. The content is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 which allows content to be copied, adapted, displayed, distributed, republished, or otherwise re-used for any purpose, including for adaptation and commercial use provided the content is attributed without any restriction. Authors Rights The Journal grants you the following non-exclusive rights, subject to giving propoer acknowledgement to the original journal. The authors may: (i) to reprint or reproduce the contribution, in whole or in part, in any publication of your interest. (ii) to use material for teaching purposes; including availability of the matarial in academic course. (iii) to post a copy of the contribution on your personal or institutional web server, provided that the server is non-commercial and there are no charges for access, and (iv) to deposit a copy of the contribution in a non-commercial data repository maintained by an institution of which you are a member. Author's Agreement Author(s) guarantee the journal the following: (i) that the contribution is their original work; (ii) that it contains, no matter what, content that is defamatory or is otherwise unlawful or which invades rights of privacy or publicity or infringes any proprietary rights (including copyright); (iii) that the contribution has not been published elsewhere in whole or in part and that no agreement to publish is outstanding other than this agreement. Author(s) agree to be responsible and hold the journal, its editors, staff and affiliate organizations harmless against any claims arising from or related to the breach or inaccuracy of any of the guarantees listed above. Disclaimer The editorial team of the MJII and the publication team of Academica Press Solutions share no responsibility regarding the views and opinions expressed by the authors. The content published in MJII is Open Access and can be shared, adapted, reproduced, reprinted, after appropriate acknowledgment and giving due credit to the author(s) work.
Mastering Automation: Hands-On Learning With Factory I/O
Industry 4.0 requires engineering students to master not only theoretical skills, but also more practical skills. The Teaching and Learning Aid "Mastering Automation: Hands-On Learning with Factory I/O" was developed to enhance teaching and learning for students in the fields of engineering and automation. It provides a comprehensive guide to help students learn basic automation systems, from Factory I/O simulation to implementation in real-world situations using PLC systems. This TLA was produced starting with completing a work process simulation using Factory I/O, then programming the PLC with STEP7 and designing the HMI interface through SKTOOLS. The results of the pilot test show that student engagement and understanding are increasing. Through this approach, students' Industry 4.0 skills can be improved to meet industry needs
Copyright (c) 2026 Nor hafzan, KHAIRIL CHE MAT, MASRUL NIZAM MAHMOD https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Examining the Impact of EnglishXP: Cultural Quest on ESL Students’ Motivation through a Quasi-Experimental Study
This study analyses ESL student motivation concerning EnglishXP: Cultural Quest. A quasi-experimental design was used, which included a control group, an experimental group, a pre-test, and a post-test, which involved a total of 210 students. Students completed a motivation survey that identified constructs on autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Students using the innovation had a larger gain in motivation, in general. Competence was by far the largest dimension. Findings indicate that culturally relevant, game-based elements encourage motivation. The study shows the value of interactive and culturally relevant elements in ESL teaching.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Atiqah Lewi, Mohamad Lothfi Zamri, Fadzleen Nur Myeor, Adheyana Mohd Daud, Nur Syahidah Mohamad Faddir, Prema Latha Subramani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of a Bio-based Hydrogel Sheet from Durian Peel Pectin and Guava Leaf Extract for Antibacterial Treatment of Infected and Post-Surgical Wounds
This study developed a bio-based hydrogel sheet (GreenHeal) from durian peel pectin and guava leaf extract as a sustainable antibacterial wound dressing. Hydrogel sheets were formulated with calcium chloride crosslinking and evaluated for liquid absorption, water retention, antibacterial activity (agar diffusion against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa), and wound closure (L929 scratch assay). GreenHeal achieved liquid absorption of 410 ± 20 mg/g, water retention of 49% at 24 h, inhibition zones of 19.5 ± 1.4 mm, and 82.4% wound closure by Day 7—significantly exceeding pectin-only and gauze controls (p < 0.05). Results demonstrate GreenHeal's potential as a low-cost, biodegradable wound dressing valorizing agricultural waste.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ramida Sriponpak, Poonnawit Vitoonchaisin, Krista Iamruttanawong, Angrisa Fongsamutrat, Tongkanlong Yochana, Peerada Thichanpiang, Viwat Sutana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Innovation of Fish Scale Gelatin-Based Hydrogel Wound Dressings Combined with Banana Pith Extract and Turmeric for Hemostasis and Antibacterial Activity
Wounds with active bleeding and high infection risk remain a major clinical challenge, particularly when complicated by bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus. This study developed a novel hydrogel wound dressing fabricated from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fish scale gelatin combined with banana pith (Musa sapientum) juice and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) extract. Gelatin was extracted via alkaline-acid treatment (Bloom strength 185 ± 12 g; yield 8.4%). Hydrogel films at ratio 1:2:2 (gelatin:banana pith:turmeric extract) were fabricated and evaluated for antibacterial activity against S. aureus ATCC 25923 (Disc Diffusion) and hemostatic activity (in vitro Clotting Time Assay). The hydrogel exhibited a Zone of Inhibition of 15.7 ± 0.9 mm and reduced blood clotting time by 38.4 ± 2.8% versus control (p < 0.01). Water absorption reached 312.5 ± 18.3% with structural stability maintained for 14 days. These findings demonstrate the potential of this eco-friendly, low-cost formulation as a dual-function hemostatic and antibacterial wound dressing.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kanyanut Luecha, Nattatida Chananchana, Nattathida Chomjumjang, Viwat Sutana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Study on the Antioxidant Activity of α-tocopherol Extracted from Seven Indigenous Rice Varieties
This study aimed to determine the α-tocopherol content in seven Thai indigenous rice varieties from northern Thailand and compare their antioxidant potential. The rice varieties studied were Doi, Khanhi, Hengor Leothin, Riceberry, Khao Niew Kam, Man Pu, and Khao Chao Mali. α-tocopherol was extracted using 95% ethanol, n-heptane, and sodium sulfate. The results showed that Khao Niew Kam had the highest α-tocopherol content (0.25 mg/100 g), followed by Hengor Leothin and Man Pu (0.13 mg/100 g). The lowest content (0.01 mg/100 g) was found in Doi, Riceberry, Khao Chao Mali, and Khanhi rice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sasinipa Thepchai, Namo Tangorn, Phetja Kemikaamporn, Sukpoontawee Karueang, Kanyapat Khueansuk, Nuttsinee Wongjiraheroun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of an Eco-Friendly Acne Patch from Tannin Extract of Indian Almond Leaves and Silk Fibroin from Discarded Silkworm Cocoons
This study developed a sustainable acne patch using silk fibroin from discarded cocoons and tannin from Indian almond leaves. Tannin extract showed significant antibacterial activity against Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis comparable to standard antibiotics. The resulting composite patch demonstrated excellent mechanical properties including high elongation and optimal swelling ratios. Its water vapor transmission rate and surface pH aligned with medical wound dressing standards. These findings provide a scientific foundation for utilizing biowaste to create effective natural alternatives to synthetic antimicrobial treatments for acne management..
Copyright (c) 2026 Kansinee Hengtanadee, Arisa Sangcomma, Kamonchanok Paiyarach, Sasipon Sivilai, Viwat Sutana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Blood Grouping Made Painless: Detecting ABO from Human Saliva.
The frequency of ABH secretor status was studied by detecting the ABH blood group substance using the standard tube-hemagglutination inhibition technique in the saliva of 30 students from Varee Chiangmai School, grades 10 to 12. The participants included 11 males and 19 females, accounting for 36.37% and 63.33% respectively. The secretor gene frequency among the students at Varee Chiangmai School was found to be 90%
Copyright (c) 2026 Karnchanok Srigrid, Yotsapon phonnak, Viwat Sutana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhanced Hemostatic and Antibacterial Biomedical Hydrogel Utilizing Bio-Extracts for Advanced Wound Management
Minor wounds are susceptible to bacterial infection when left untreated, potentially leading to serious complications. This study develops an innovative biomedical hydrogel using sericin extracted from silk degumming waste, combined with tannin extracts derived from Indian almond (Terminalia catappa) leaves, and further enhanced with banana trunk juice (Musa paradisiaca) for improved blood coagulation. Tannins provide potent antibacterial properties, while bioactive compounds in banana trunk juice promote platelet aggregation and clotting. The hydrogel was comprehensively evaluated for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, swelling capacity, mechanical flexibility, degradation rate, gel fraction, and coagulation efficiency. Results demonstrate that the incorporation of these natural bio-extracts significantly improves both antimicrobial and hemostatic properties. The developed hydrogel shows promise as an eco-friendly, cost-effective wound dressing material that repurposes agricultural and industrial waste streams.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yapa Yosang, Pimaksorn Chanasuk, Bunyada Smermas, Viwat Sutana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Fish-Scale Biochar as a Natural Drug-Delivery Carrier for the Controlled Release of Terminalia catappa Extract in Wound Care Applications.
Chronic and infected wounds, such as diabetic ulcers, pose significant health challenges in Thailand, particularly in rural areas with limited access to advanced care. Conventional dressings often lack cost-effectiveness and sustained-release capabilities, while traditional extracts like Terminalia catappa degrade rapidly. This study proposes an innovative, sustainable solution: a fish-scale-derived biochar drug carrier. By utilizing agricultural waste to create a high-surface-area, porous reservoir, this approach enables the controlled release of T. catappa’s antibacterial phenolic compounds. This integration offers an affordable, long-lasting therapeutic strategy for managing chronic wound inflammation and infection in community-based settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jirapat Klinkhachorn, Nakrit Kavaree, Teerach Noumanong, Supawarin Kansarn, Jantamanee Saenjaiyi, Viwat Sutana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development and characterization of a gelatin-based herbal hydrogel patch loaded with Jatropha podagrica leaf extract for antibacterial wound dressing.
This study developed a hydrogel wound dressing infused with Jatropha podagrica leaf extract to evaluate its antibacterial potential. Saponin-rich extracts were obtained by ethanol extraction and solvent partitioning, then incorporated into gelatin hydrogels at varying concentrations (0–100%v/v). The antibacterial activity was assessed using the disk diffusion method. Results showed that the hydrogel with 80% extract achieved the greatest bacterial inhibition. These findings suggest that Jatropha podagrica extract enhances hydrogel efficacy, highlighting its potential as a natural antibacterial wound dressing.
Copyright (c) 2026 Karnchiya Mekkala, Pornpavee Vongvichien, Pantila Saengphet, Winrada Chaisit, Nuttsinee Wongjiraheroun, Viwat Sutana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Electroconductive Silk Fibroin–Tannin Hydrogel from Agri-Waste Achieves Near-Antibiotic Efficacy and Accelerated Wound Closure via Mild DC Stimulation
Infected chronic wounds pose a major clinical burden, particularly in diabetic and elderly patients. This study developed a prototype conductive hydrogel composed of silk fibroin extracted from waste cocoons, tannin from Terminalia catappa leaves, gelatin, and graphite powder (0.5–1% w/v), stimulated at 1.5 V DC. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) via disc diffusion. Material properties, wound closure (Gelatin Scratch Model), and preliminary cytotoxicity (Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay, BSLA) were also evaluated. The electrically stimulated formulation (T3) achieved a zone of inhibition of 35.6 ± 1.8 mm against S. aureus, 85.2% wound closure at 72 h, electrical resistance of 250 Ω, and BSLA mortality of 7.7% (non-toxic threshold <10%). These results
Copyright (c) 2026 Anupat Watsara, Vonnisa Vongkhum, Jitt Keereetaweep, Viwat Sutana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pembangunan Sistem Pengurusan Projek Sarjana Muda (PSM)
Projek Sarjana Muda (PSM) merupakan komponen teras dalam program pengajian sarjana muda yang bertujuan memberikan pendedahan awal terhadap proses penyelidikan dan aplikasi ilmu secara praktikal. Walau bagaimanapun, pengurusan PSM sedia ada masih dijalankan secara manual dan melalui platform berasingan menimbulkan pelbagai kekangan, termasuk kesukaran pemantauan status pelajar, pengagihan penyelia secara tidak seimbang serta risiko ketidakselarasan maklumat. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini membangunkan Sistem Pengurusan PSM berasaskan web bagi Jabatan Sains Komputer, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM) untuk memperkemas proses pemilihan penyelia, pengurusan cadangan tajuk, dan pemantauan pelajar secara berpusat. Pembangunan sistem ini menggunakan pendekatan System Development Life Cycle berasaskan metodologi Agile bagi memastikan pembangunan yang iteratif dan responsif terhadap keperluan pengguna. Sistem ini melibatkan tiga pengguna utama iaitu pelajar, penyelaras dan penyelia serta menyokong fungsi pengurusan kuota penyeliaan dan pemadanan bidang kepakaran penyelia. Perisian Visual Studio Code (VSC) digunakan sebagai platform penulisan kod, manakala XAMPP dan phpMyAdmin digunakan sebagai persekitaran pembangunan. XAMPP bertindak sebagai local server (pelayan tempatan) dan phpMyAdmin sebagai sistem pengurusan pangkalan data untuk menyimpan data projek, pelajar, penyelia, dan penyelaras. <span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Secara keseluruhannya, sistem yang dibangunkan meningkatkan kecekapan pengurusan PSM, mengurangkan kebergantungan kepada kaedah manual serta menyokong pelaksanaan pengurusan akademik yang lebih sistematik dan telus.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Zulfahmi Mohd Tan, Zuraini Zainol, Yuhanim Hani Yahya, Puteri NE Nohuddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Household Inflation Patterns in Malaysia: A Data-Driven Analysis using AI
The cost of living among Malaysian households has increased significantly as inflation has grown faster than household income. This issue particularly affects urban residents, where living expenses are substantially higher than those in rural areas. This study examines household inflation trends in Malaysia between the year 2020-2024 using data obtained from the Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM). After data cleaning and filtering, Python-based artificial intelligence tools are employed to identify and categorize current household inflation patterns. The findings are then visualized using interactive Power BI dashboards to enhance clarity and support accessible interpretation for a wide range of audiences.
Copyright (c) 2026 Noor Azzah Awang, Norsyahida Zulkifli, Luqman Haqiem Mohamad Shafie, Muhammad Al-’Aqib Maarof, Muhammad Ismul Azam Yusof, Akmal Daniel Mohd Khanafi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Designing an Innovative Muamalat Educational Game with HTML5 for Fiqh Muamalat Literacy
This study addresses low student motivation in Fiqh Muamalat by developing an innovative HTML5-based educational simulation game. The objective of this study is to design and develop innovative Muamalat educational games using HTML5 based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and interactive simulations to improve Islamic financial literacy.. By utilizing Scrum and ABCDE methodologies, the research integrates Problem-Based Learning (PBL) to bridge the gap between complex Shariah concepts and digital-native learners. By focusing on Islamic financial literacy, including Akad and Khiyar, this interactive tool empowers educators to overcome digital competency constraints while fostering ethical and moral reflection in contemporary digital transactions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Azizur Rahman Ramli, Mohamad Zaim Isamail, Aemy Aziz, Wan Mohammed Sallam Wan Sulaiman, Azlin Suzana Salim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Industry@POLYCC: A Centralized Decision Support Dashboard for Managing Industry Collaboration in Malaysian TVET Institutions
This study reports the design, development, and impact evaluation of the Industry@POLYCC Dashboard, a centralized decision support platform for managing industry collaboration data across Malaysian polytechnics and community colleges. Adopting a design and development research approach, the system integrates standardized datasets on industry partners, collaboration indicators, and formal agreements into interactive visual dashboards. A quantitative survey involving institutional and departmental users indicates significant improvements in data accessibility, reporting efficiency, and decision-making effectiveness. The findings demonstrate the dashboard’s potential as a national-level digital governance tool to strengthen evidence-based planning and strategic industry–academia collaboration within the Malaysian TVET ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mornizawati Abdullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bound By Stone: Folktales of Filial Piety Across The Nusantara
This work investigates the Nusantara legends about filial piety, namely, Malin Kundang (Indonesia), Si Tanggang (Malaysia), and Nakhoda Manis (Brunei), which all communicate same old moral lessons of disobedience to parents and its consequences. The study, which is concerned with the decline of oral storytelling and the moral transmission among the younger generations, applies Propp’s Morphology of the Folktale as a qualitative framework for the comparative textual analysis. The results show the recurrent Proppian functions like interdiction, violation, punishment, and transformation which strengthen the similar moral expectations across the region. The study claims that these folktales are still pedagogically valid and can be revived through digital storytelling and educational integration to keep the cultural and ethical values alive.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr Sherry, Miss Bella, Dr Shafilla, Miss Haseena (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RecordSphere: Simulation-Based Learning for Records Lifecyle
Records management education is often focused on theory, which can make it hard for students to use what they learn in real situations. RecordSphere is an online simulation designed to help students understand how records are handled by providing hands-on experience. On the platform, students take on the role of a Records Officer and handle records as they are created, organized, maintained, reviewed and dispose, with real-world consequences. The system uses game-like features, dashboards, and emergency situations to provide instant feedback and opportunities to reflect on what happened. Student progress and results are carefully tracked and studied to see how they are doing and where they can improve. By turning passive learning into an interactive experience, RecordSphere helps students build real-world skills, make better decisions, and get ready for jobs in records management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suhaida Halamy, Sharin Sulaiman, Zainon Haji Bibi, Suriani Jack, Abdul Ismail Mohd Jawi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Flexi-Heal: Development of a Portable IoT-Based Elbow Rehabilitation Device for Home Therapy
Stroke commonly results in long-term upper-limb impairment, particularly limited elbow mobility, requiring continuous rehabilitation. However, existing rehabilitation devices are often costly, clinic-based, and inaccessible for regular home use. This study aims to develop a portable, low-cost elbow rehabilitation solution to support home-based therapy. Flexi-Heal is an IoT-enabled device that uses an ESP32 microcontroller and a servo motor to provide controlled elbow flexion with adjustable angles and repetitions, monitored via the Blynk mobile application. The system promotes independent rehabilitation, improves therapy accessibility, and reduces reliance on frequent clinic visits. Overall, Flexi-Heal demonstrates strong potential as an affordable and practical home rehabilitation device.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aslinda Zamah Shari, Nur Syahirah Afrina Mohd Shukri, Fazida Adlan, Guan Chengg Wong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Human–AI Service Co-Management for Airlines: Reducing Digital Friction in AirAsia’s AskBo
Virtual assistants are integral to digital customer service; however, users often experience emotional, cognitive, and interactional challenges during AI-mediated interactions. This study introduces Perceived Digital Friction as a framework to explain psychological discomfort in human–AI service communication. Using a qualitative approach, real-time interactions with AirAsia’s virtual assistant, AskBo, were analysed through thematic analysis. Three dimensions of digital friction were identified: i) emotional frustration, ii) cognitive overload, and iii) contextual disruption. Based on these findings, the study proposes Human–AI Service Co-Management Guidelines integrating AI avatar video interfaces with human oversight. This innovation enhances service accessibility by enabling audio-based support for blind users and visual avatar communication for deaf users, while ensuring seamless escalation to human agents.
AirAsia virtual assistants1 Digital friction2 Airasia’s AskBo3 Human-AI4 AI avatar5
Copyright (c) 2026 MOHD HANAFI JUMRAH, Nur Adillah Maaz, Nur Dania Mazlan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
XTif GMath: A Gamified, Interactive, AI‑Generated Application for Learning Form 1 KSSM Mathematics
XTif GMath is a gamified, interactive and AI-generated learning application designed using Google AI Studio to support Form 1 KSSM Mathematics. This study examined students’ perceptions after a structured 45-minute usage session followed by a survey of 104 respondents. Descriptive findings revealed high mean scores for interactivity (M = 4.367), gamification (M = 4.282), Mathematics self-efficacy (M = 4.212), and usability (M = 4.464) with strong reliability scores (α = 0.701–0.912). Thematic analysis of open-ended responses indicated that students appreciated the interactivity, visuals, gamified rewards, and clarity of explanations, while challenges included difficult questions, confusing wording, unclear hints, and minor technical bugs. Students suggested improvements such as enhanced visuals, better feedback, additional levels, and more features. The study demonstrates strong potential for large-scale adoption of gamified, interactive and AI-generated Mathematics applications in Malaysian schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syahrul Affendi Abdul Rahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
NusaAR: A Location-Based Augmented Reality Hologram App for Historical Learning
Historical learning has been challenging for students due to passive learning and traditional teaching method. Even though it can be supported with site visits or field trips, it is often limited by static signboards and brief explanations. This paper presents NusaAR, a location-based augmented reality (AR) mobile application designed to support historical learning through immersive, site-specific experiences. Using geolocation technology, AR hologram guides are activated when users reach designated locations, providing historical narratives, visual reconstructions, and micro-learning content. Besides that, gamified activities are integrated to promote engagement and active participation among students. Leveraging the widespread use of smartphones, NusaAR able to offers an accessible approach to extend learning beyond the classroom and into authentic historical environments which make the learning process more interactive, interesting and engaging .
Copyright (c) 2026 Norhasimah Shari, Nurul Atiqah Zulkifle, Sheikh Fahim Imran Sheikh Ahmad Fakri, Adam Hakimi Khairul Ariff, Calysta Chan Xhin Rui Chan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PULSE (Predictive Utility for Learning Systems in Evaluating Anemia and Hypertension):A Photoplethysmography (PPG) And Machine Learning–Based Device for Non-Invasive Monitoring of Hb, HR, SpO2, and BP
Anemia and hypertension remain prevalent health concerns in low-resource communities with limited diagnostic access. This study developed PULSE, a portable, non-invasive screening device using photoplethysmography and multiple linear regression to estimate hemoglobin, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and heart rate in real time. PULSE was validated against standard clinical instruments. Results showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) between PULSE and reference devices. The MLR model achieved R² = 0.972, RMSE = 2.18, MAE = 1.60, and MAPE = 1.45% for hemoglobin prediction. Blood pressure estimation attained R² = 0.97 (SBP) and R² = 0.95 (DBP) with mean errors of 2.4 mmHg and 2.7 mmHg. Strong correlations (r = 0.951–0.984) and ICC = 0.981 confirmed high reliability. The system displayed results within 1.82 s (OLED) and 2.14 s (Wi-Fi) with 100% logging accuracy and 93.3% mapping precision. These findings confirm that PULSE is a reliable, accurate, and cost-effective solution for early anemia and hypertension screening.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jeza Maristel Abanes, Angelo Jacob Castillo, Venisse Kyle Claudio, Jazz Gatinao, Althea Sales https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Transparency and Openness in High Impact Scientific Publishing: Development of Web-based Assessment Tool (TOSP Index)
Scientific publication often refers to tackling the real-world problem. In the context of social sciences, scientific publication explains a phenomenon and provides contributing factors that need attention. However, the contributors of this scientific publication, the academicians, lecturers, or professors often have significant issues in publishing their research papers in reputable journals. The literature has confirmed that one of the proven and significant issues is author’s transparency and openness in writing. To this end, this project developed a web-based self-assessment tool to allow authors to feasibly evaluate their transparency and openness in publishing scientific articles. In total, 8 important constructs were determined and empirically proven to have significant influence on transparency and openness through surveys with more than 300 authors. This tool would calculate the total score and provide meaningful suggestions to authors to increase their chances of getting their articles published in reputable journal, boost citation index, and improve global visibility.
Copyright (c) 2026 Noor Masliana Razlan, Mohd Akmal Faiz Osman, Mohamad Rahimi Mohamad Rosman, Ali Fauzi Ahmad Khan, Samsulfarid Samsuddin, Abrizah Abdullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Analytical Tool for Computing Perimeter Based on Visual and Coordinates Analysis
t: Perimeter calculation, a fundamental aspect of geometric analysis, plays a crucial role in numerous fields, ranging from architecture and engineering to urban planning and environmental assessment. Traditionally, manual methods for computing perimeters have been fraught with challenges, often requiring significant time investment and susceptible to errors, particularly when dealing with irregular shapes. The introduction of PeriGo represents a paradigm shift in perimeter calculation, offering an innovative software solution that streamlines the process through its user-friendly graphical interface. Leveraging advanced mathematical algorithms, including a straightforward formula for determining distances between points, PeriGo ensures precise results while mitigating the risk of human error. This transformative tool promises to revolutionize perimeter calculation across diverse industries, empowering users with accurate and efficient calculations in a fraction of the time. With its intuitive interface and robust functionality, PeriGo emerges as an indispensable asset for professionals seeking reliable geometric analysis. Moreover, recent research highlights the significance of algorithmic approaches in enhancing precision in geometric analysis, emphasizing the importance of user interface design considerations for geometric analysis software tools.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mohd Agos Salim Nasir, Zubaidah Sadikin, Elaziera Panji, Nur Nadhirah Mohd Rohaidi, Nurzalina Harun, Sidik Rathi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
APPROXIMATED AREA CALCULATION BY USING DISCRETE LEAST SQUARES METHOD
Copyright (c) 2024 Sidik Rathi, Nurzalina Harun, Ain Nur Dania Hassin, Zubaidah Sadikin, Mohd Agos Salim Nasir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pineapple peel is part of the by-products from pineapple processing industries and harvesting activities. The pineapple waste produced from rising demands of pineapple products worldwide will eventually disturb the environmental balance and contribute to environmental pollution. Further utilization of pineapple waste into valuable products can reduce the waste generated, conserve the environment, and potentially generate income from the developed products. In this study, peel from four types of Malaysian pineapple namely Morris, Josephine, MD2 and N36 were used to produce vinegar. Vinegar has been reported to offer beneficial health effects when taken regularly. This study's objective is to determine the vinegar characteristics produced from each pineapple peel by evaluating the physicochemical analysis and antioxidant activity. The vinegar was prepared by adding pineapple peels with sugar, distilled water, viable yeast, and yeast nutrient to a beaker. Sodium bicarbonate was added to adjust the pH to 4.0. The beaker was sealed, and the fermentation was allowed to take place at 25 - 28˚C for two days. The fermenter was then filtered, the filtrate was covered and further fermented for another 11 days. Results obtained indicate that the suitable pineapple peel for production of vinegar was the peel of MD2. MD2 peel vinegar showed the lowest pH, browning values and total acidity compared to others. Meanwhile for antioxidant activities using DPPH method, MD2 pineapple peel showed the highest antioxidant activity among the other types of pineapple peel.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nor Liyana Jaafar, , Husna Zulkifly, Nora Yusof https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Revolutionizing Handmade Soap: Innovating Emollient Formulations for Enhanced Quality
The widespread use of commercial soaps containing potentially harmful chemicals like parabens, sulphates, and triclosan has prompted concerns about skin health and overall well-being. This research addresses this issue by proposing a revolutionary approach to handmade soap formulations, focusing on enhancing quality through the incorporation of emollients. Handmade soaps, crafted from natural ingredients, offer a safer alternative to mass-produced varieties, potentially reducing skin irritation and allergic reactions. By utilizing emollients such as cocoa butter, shea butter, and mango butter, this project aims to develop natural soaps tailored to individual skin needs. Emollients play a crucial role in improving skin texture and moisture retention. The methodology involves meticulous formulation and testing to ensure product efficacy and safety. Results indicate that cocoa butter emerges as the optimal base for handmade soap, offering superior stability and suitability. Furthermore, comprehensive analyses of physical appearance, pH levels, viscosity, foam production and retention, total fatty matter, and moisture content provide valuable insights into the quality and performance of the formulated soaps. This research highlights the potential of handmade soaps as a holistic skincare solution, emphasizing the importance of natural ingredients in promoting skin health and well-being. The findings suggest commercialization potential for these innovative emollient-based soap formulations, offering consumers a safer and more customizable skincare option.
Copyright (c) 2024 Siti Khadijah Padzil, Mohd Faiz Abd Ghani, Nur Saadiah Bt Badroll Hisham https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EXPLORING NOVEL APPLICATIONS OF NEWTON FORWARD DIVIDED DIFFERENCE INTERPOLATION METHOD IN PERIMETER CALCULATION
This study addresses the challenge of calculating the perimeter of irregular shapes, particularly for individuals without a strong mathematical background. The study involves developing a user-friendly simulator, PeriTech that simplifies the process of perimeter calculation by providing a visually intuitive interface. This study focuses on calculating the perimeter of irregular shape objects such as piper betle leaf. The method involves developing a mathematical equation that corresponds to the boundary of the piper betle leaf to calculate the perimeter of the leaf. Newton Forward Divided Difference Interpolation is used to find a polynomial equation from the data points. With this approach, an object’s form may be divided into basic and more simple curve shapes, each of which’s arc length can be calculated, and combine the arc lengths to determine the estimated perimeter.
Newton Forward Divided Difference Interpolation
Copyright (c) 2024 Sidik Rathi, Nurzalina Harun, Azneen zuhreen Burhanud Din, Zubaidah Sadikin, Mohd Agos Salim Nasir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UTILIZE THE LEAST SQUARE METHOD TO QUANTIFY THE PERIMETER OF GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOUR
This study focuses on calculating the arc length of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) to determine the tumour's perimeter using the least-squares method. The method involves developing a mathematical equation that corresponds to the tumour model to calculate the perimeter even under uneven conditions. Least squares is used to find the best-fit line or curve that minimizes the sum of squared differences between observed data points and predicted values, commonly used in regression analysis. For tumour perimeter calculation from ultrasound data, the study employs both the least squares method and the Gauss-Jordan elimination method. By determining that 1 mm on the graph paper corresponds to 1.2929 mm in actual size, the total arc length is calculated to be 9.5026 mm. Manual measurements, especially with complex shapes and small details, can be prone to errors. Therefore, PeriSolve, a graphical user interface (GUI) and professional simulator, is designed to simplify perimeter calculations for uneven surfaces, with a specific focus on using the least squares method.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sidik Rathi, Nurzalina Harun, Nur Fareesha Muhammad Fazlee, Zubaidah Sadikin, Mohd Agos Salim Nasir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Nano-Spherical Tin Oxide Derived from Pandan for Photocatalysis
Syed Abdul Illah Syed Alyahya Syed Abdul Kadir
Copyright (c) 2024 Irmaizatussyehdany Buniyamin, Kevin Alvin Eswar, Noor Asnida Asli, Rabiatuladawiyah Md Akhir, Ameran Saiman, Mohd Yusri Idorus, Syed Abdul Illah Syed Alyahya Syed Abdul Kadir, Zuraida Khusaimi, Mohamad Rusop Mahmood https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0