Malaysia Journal of Invention and Innovation
Malaysia Journal of Invention and Innovation (MJII) is an international journal that provides leading edge research and findings focussing on theories, methods, invention, innovation, and applications in all fields especially in Social Sciences, Science and Technology, Informatics, Science, and related field of study. MJII is an Online journal and adopted Double-Blind Reviewed and it being published Bi-Monthly. Papers are selected based on strict peer review process to ensure the originality, novelty, and impact of publication to wider audience. Publishing your paper on MJII is very affordable and accessible to readers as we implemented the open-publication initiatives. MJII is run by the Academica Press Solutions for the scientific community. Moreover, the online publication process is fast thanks to the software system that runs the entire editorial procedure. JOURNAL PARTICULARS Title: Malaysia Journal of Invention and Innovation Frequency: Bimonthly (6 issues per year) ISSN: 2976-2170 Journal DOI Prefix: Not Applicable Publisher: Academica Press Solutions, Batu 23, Kg Jias, 17000 Pasir Mas, Kelantan, MALAYSIA. Chief Editor: Ts. Inv. Dr. Mohamad Rahimi Mohamad Rosman Starting Year: 2022 Subject: Social Science, Health Science, Science and Technology, Informatics, Information Management, Content Management, Records Management, Management, Business and Management, Accountancy, Policy Studies, Communication {focusing on elements of invention and innovation}. Accepted Language: English & Malay Publication Format: Online Contact: +60 19989 1306 Email: hello.academicapress@gmail.com Website: https://journal.academicapress.org/aps/index.php/mjii
The authors of MJII retain copyright to the content of the articles. The content is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 which allows content to be copied, adapted, displayed, distributed, republished, or otherwise re-used for any purpose, including for adaptation and commercial use provided the content is attributed without any restriction. Authors Rights The Journal grants you the following non-exclusive rights, subject to giving propoer acknowledgement to the original journal. The authors may: (i) to reprint or reproduce the contribution, in whole or in part, in any publication of your interest. (ii) to use material for teaching purposes; including availability of the matarial in academic course. (iii) to post a copy of the contribution on your personal or institutional web server, provided that the server is non-commercial and there are no charges for access, and (iv) to deposit a copy of the contribution in a non-commercial data repository maintained by an institution of which you are a member. Author's Agreement Author(s) guarantee the journal the following: (i) that the contribution is their original work; (ii) that it contains, no matter what, content that is defamatory or is otherwise unlawful or which invades rights of privacy or publicity or infringes any proprietary rights (including copyright); (iii) that the contribution has not been published elsewhere in whole or in part and that no agreement to publish is outstanding other than this agreement. Author(s) agree to be responsible and hold the journal, its editors, staff and affiliate organizations harmless against any claims arising from or related to the breach or inaccuracy of any of the guarantees listed above. Disclaimer The editorial team of the MJII and the publication team of Academica Press Solutions share no responsibility regarding the views and opinions expressed by the authors. The content published in MJII is Open Access and can be shared, adapted, reproduced, reprinted, after appropriate acknowledgment and giving due credit to the author(s) work.
An Analytical Tool for Computing Perimeter Based on Visual and Coordinates Analysis
t: Perimeter calculation, a fundamental aspect of geometric analysis, plays a crucial role in numerous fields, ranging from architecture and engineering to urban planning and environmental assessment. Traditionally, manual methods for computing perimeters have been fraught with challenges, often requiring significant time investment and susceptible to errors, particularly when dealing with irregular shapes. The introduction of PeriGo represents a paradigm shift in perimeter calculation, offering an innovative software solution that streamlines the process through its user-friendly graphical interface. Leveraging advanced mathematical algorithms, including a straightforward formula for determining distances between points, PeriGo ensures precise results while mitigating the risk of human error. This transformative tool promises to revolutionize perimeter calculation across diverse industries, empowering users with accurate and efficient calculations in a fraction of the time. With its intuitive interface and robust functionality, PeriGo emerges as an indispensable asset for professionals seeking reliable geometric analysis. Moreover, recent research highlights the significance of algorithmic approaches in enhancing precision in geometric analysis, emphasizing the importance of user interface design considerations for geometric analysis software tools.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mohd Agos Salim Nasir, Zubaidah Sadikin, Elaziera Panji, Nur Nadhirah Mohd Rohaidi, Nurzalina Harun, Sidik Rathi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pineapple peel is part of the by-products from pineapple processing industries and harvesting activities. The pineapple waste produced from rising demands of pineapple products worldwide will eventually disturb the environmental balance and contribute to environmental pollution. Further utilization of pineapple waste into valuable products can reduce the waste generated, conserve the environment, and potentially generate income from the developed products. In this study, peel from four types of Malaysian pineapple namely Morris, Josephine, MD2 and N36 were used to produce vinegar. Vinegar has been reported to offer beneficial health effects when taken regularly. This study's objective is to determine the vinegar characteristics produced from each pineapple peel by evaluating the physicochemical analysis and antioxidant activity. The vinegar was prepared by adding pineapple peels with sugar, distilled water, viable yeast, and yeast nutrient to a beaker. Sodium bicarbonate was added to adjust the pH to 4.0. The beaker was sealed, and the fermentation was allowed to take place at 25 - 28˚C for two days. The fermenter was then filtered, the filtrate was covered and further fermented for another 11 days. Results obtained indicate that the suitable pineapple peel for production of vinegar was the peel of MD2. MD2 peel vinegar showed the lowest pH, browning values and total acidity compared to others. Meanwhile for antioxidant activities using DPPH method, MD2 pineapple peel showed the highest antioxidant activity among the other types of pineapple peel.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nor Liyana Jaafar, , Husna Zulkifly, Nora Yusof https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
APPROXIMATED AREA CALCULATION BY USING DISCRETE LEAST SQUARES METHOD
Copyright (c) 2024 Sidik Rathi, Nurzalina Harun, Ain Nur Dania Hassin, Zubaidah Sadikin, Mohd Agos Salim Nasir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Nano-Spherical Tin Oxide Derived from Pandan for Photocatalysis
Syed Abdul Illah Syed Alyahya Syed Abdul Kadir
Copyright (c) 2024 Irmaizatussyehdany Buniyamin, Kevin Alvin Eswar, Noor Asnida Asli, Rabiatuladawiyah Md Akhir, Ameran Saiman, Mohd Yusri Idorus, Syed Abdul Illah Syed Alyahya Syed Abdul Kadir, Zuraida Khusaimi, Mohamad Rusop Mahmood https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UTILIZE THE LEAST SQUARE METHOD TO QUANTIFY THE PERIMETER OF GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOUR
This study focuses on calculating the arc length of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) to determine the tumour's perimeter using the least-squares method. The method involves developing a mathematical equation that corresponds to the tumour model to calculate the perimeter even under uneven conditions. Least squares is used to find the best-fit line or curve that minimizes the sum of squared differences between observed data points and predicted values, commonly used in regression analysis. For tumour perimeter calculation from ultrasound data, the study employs both the least squares method and the Gauss-Jordan elimination method. By determining that 1 mm on the graph paper corresponds to 1.2929 mm in actual size, the total arc length is calculated to be 9.5026 mm. Manual measurements, especially with complex shapes and small details, can be prone to errors. Therefore, PeriSolve, a graphical user interface (GUI) and professional simulator, is designed to simplify perimeter calculations for uneven surfaces, with a specific focus on using the least squares method.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sidik Rathi, Nurzalina Harun, Nur Fareesha Muhammad Fazlee, Zubaidah Sadikin, Mohd Agos Salim Nasir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EXPLORING NOVEL APPLICATIONS OF NEWTON FORWARD DIVIDED DIFFERENCE INTERPOLATION METHOD IN PERIMETER CALCULATION
This study addresses the challenge of calculating the perimeter of irregular shapes, particularly for individuals without a strong mathematical background. The study involves developing a user-friendly simulator, PeriTech that simplifies the process of perimeter calculation by providing a visually intuitive interface. This study focuses on calculating the perimeter of irregular shape objects such as piper betle leaf. The method involves developing a mathematical equation that corresponds to the boundary of the piper betle leaf to calculate the perimeter of the leaf. Newton Forward Divided Difference Interpolation is used to find a polynomial equation from the data points. With this approach, an object’s form may be divided into basic and more simple curve shapes, each of which’s arc length can be calculated, and combine the arc lengths to determine the estimated perimeter.
Newton Forward Divided Difference Interpolation
Copyright (c) 2024 Sidik Rathi, Nurzalina Harun, Azneen zuhreen Burhanud Din, Zubaidah Sadikin, Mohd Agos Salim Nasir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Revolutionizing Handmade Soap: Innovating Emollient Formulations for Enhanced Quality
The widespread use of commercial soaps containing potentially harmful chemicals like parabens, sulphates, and triclosan has prompted concerns about skin health and overall well-being. This research addresses this issue by proposing a revolutionary approach to handmade soap formulations, focusing on enhancing quality through the incorporation of emollients. Handmade soaps, crafted from natural ingredients, offer a safer alternative to mass-produced varieties, potentially reducing skin irritation and allergic reactions. By utilizing emollients such as cocoa butter, shea butter, and mango butter, this project aims to develop natural soaps tailored to individual skin needs. Emollients play a crucial role in improving skin texture and moisture retention. The methodology involves meticulous formulation and testing to ensure product efficacy and safety. Results indicate that cocoa butter emerges as the optimal base for handmade soap, offering superior stability and suitability. Furthermore, comprehensive analyses of physical appearance, pH levels, viscosity, foam production and retention, total fatty matter, and moisture content provide valuable insights into the quality and performance of the formulated soaps. This research highlights the potential of handmade soaps as a holistic skincare solution, emphasizing the importance of natural ingredients in promoting skin health and well-being. The findings suggest commercialization potential for these innovative emollient-based soap formulations, offering consumers a safer and more customizable skincare option.
Copyright (c) 2024 Siti Khadijah Padzil, Mohd Faiz Abd Ghani, Nur Saadiah Bt Badroll Hisham https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
: Acute sinusitis is an infection caused by a virus that can lead to a congested or blocked nose, pain or pressure around your face, head, and eyes, loss of smell and taste, bad breath, ear pain, and headache. This common occurrence which has impacted about 14% of the general population happens due to the bacteria and viruses settling in the sinuses. Malaysia Statista reports that each person is expected to use 0.21 pieces of face mask in the year 2024 and is expected to be virus-killing, eco-friendly, and reusable. Through the idea and innovation of face masks, this study innovates sinus relief face masks. Sinus relief face masks are a combination of face masks with oil drops extracted from ingredients such as lemongrass, cinnamon, garlic, turmeric, ginger, and clove. This product aims to provide relief for those suffering from sinusitis while consolidating the elements of remediation and essential. With innovative features and differentiation, this product further bolsters growth potential. The extensive distribution reach enables broad customer access and high customer retention. This product aims for commercial success in the sinusitis relief market.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nur Hanisah Razali, Faten Elina Kamaruddin, Ainol Mardhiyah Rahmat, Nur Rifhan A. Rahim, Siti Noorhaslina Abd Halim, Hafizuddin Md Dali, Muhammad Haris Naqiuddin Muda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Kepuasan Tertunda dan Pengaruh Rakan Sebaya dalam Konteks Sosial Murid- murid Tahap 1 dan Tahap 2 Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina (Delayed Gratification and Peer Influence in the Social Context of Level 1 and Level 2 Chinese National Type School Students)
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti pengaruh hubungan sosial dan perbezaan gender terhadap tingkah laku kepuasan tertunda dalam kalangan murid sekolah rendah. Reka bentuk kajian menggunakan pendekatan eksperimen kuasi dengan instrumen Snack Delay Task. Sampel terdiri daripada 60 murid sekolah rendah, merangkumi 32 murid Tahap 1 (7–9 tahun) dan 32 murid Tahap 2 (10–12 tahun), dipilih melalui kaedah pensampelan rawak berstrata. Data dikumpul melalui pemerhatian sistematik dalam dua konteks sosial iaitu interaksi dengan 22rakan disukai dan interaksi dengan rakan tidak disukai. Data dianalisis menggunakan Min, Sisihan Piawai, Ujian-t (T-Test), dan Ujian Khi Kuasa Dua (Chi-Square). Keputusan ujian T-Test menunjukkan perbezaan signifikan dalam tingkah laku kepuasan tertunda antara murid Tahap 1 dan Tahap 2, serta antara konteks rakan disukai dan tidak disukai. Walau bagaimanapun, perbezaan berdasarkan gender tidak signifikan. Hasil ujian Chi-Square pula menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara umur dan tingkah laku kepuasan tertunda, tetapi tiada hubungan signifikan antara gender dan tingkah laku kepuasan tertunda. Dapatan kajian ini menyokong Teori Perkembangan Kognitif Piaget dan Teori Pembelajaran Sosial Bandura, yang menekankan perkembangan kognitif dan faktor sosial dalam kawalan kendiri. Kajian ini memberi sumbangan kepada perancangan intervensi sosial dan pendidikan untuk meningkatkan kawalan kendiri dalam kalangan kanak-kanak.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ang Pei Sing, Muhammad Syawal Amran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hubungan Jantina dan Konteks Sosial Dengan Kepuasan Tertunda Murid Prasekolah di Daerah Besut, Terengganu
Kepuasan tertunda dan kawalan kendiri merupakan aspek penting dalam perkembangan kanak-kanak prasekolah. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti hubungan antara jenis hubungan sosial (bersendirian dan kumpulan berpasangan) dan jantina dengan tingkah laku kepuasan tertunda. Reka bentuk kajian ialah kajian kuantitatif korelasi bukan parametrik. Sampel melibatkan seramai 32 murid prasekolah dari sebuah sekolah di Besut, Terengganu. Persampelan dipilih melalui persampelan rawak mudah dalam kalangan murid prasekolah. Instrumen kajian utama ialah tugasan kelewatan makanan ringan yang mengukur kemampuan murid menangguhkan kepuasan. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensi menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 27. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan signifikan kepuasan tertunda dalam situasi bersendirian dan kumpulan berpasangan dengan nilai chi square χ²=9.73, p=0.028, p<0.05. Manakala, terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara jantina dengan kepuasan tertunda dalam situasi bersendirian dan kumpulan berpasangan dengan nilai chi square χ²=9.515, p=0.023, p<0.05. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa perempuan mempunyai kawalan kendiri yang lebih baik berbanding lelaki dalam konteks sosial. Penemuan ini menegaskan bahawa kawalan kendiri lebih banyak dipengaruhi oleh mekanisme dalaman seperti kawalan impuls dan regulasi emosi. Kajian ini memberi implikasi kepada pendidik untuk merangka strategi yang melibatkan aktiviti individu dan kumpulan bagi memupuk kawalan kendiri murid prasekolah. Selain itu, kajian ini mencadangkan intervensi awal yang disesuaikan mengikut jantina untuk menyokong pembangunan kawalan kendiri. Implikasi kajian juga membuka ruang untuk kajian lanjut mengenai peranan faktor sosioekonomi dan budaya dalam mempengaruhi tingkah laku kawalan kendiri kanak-kanak.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kang Koon Wey, Muhammad Syawal Amran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effects of Watching Children's Animated Cartoons on the Aggressive and Prosocial Behavior of Primary School Pupils
Cartoons have long been a beloved source of entertainment for children, yet concerns about their influence on children's behavioral development are increasingly coming to light. This study investigated the impact of exposure to selected animated cartoons on the aggressive and prosocial behaviors of primary school children. Using a quasi-experimental design, a treatment group (exposed to animated cartoons) was compared to a control group (watching documentaries). Data analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed significant reductions in both physical and verbal aggression among children in the treatment group, accompanied by significant increases in prosocial helping and sharing behaviors. In contrast, the control group showed no significant changes in any of these behaviors. These findings align with Bandura's social learning theory, supporting the role of observational learning and imitation in shaping children's behaviour. The results suggest the potential for utilizing thoughtfully designed animated media as an intervention to promote prosocial behaviour and mitigate aggression in children. Further research should explore the long-term impact of such media exposure, delve into the mechanisms underlying imitation, and investigate the influence of individual and contextual factors on behavioral responses.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gonisha Ong Mei Ling, Muhamad Syawal Bin Amran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Emosi dan Faktor Mempengaruhi Murid Pemulihan Khas Sekolah Rendah
Murid mengalami pelbagai jenis emosi sepanjang hari di sekolah. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti jenis dan kekerapan emosi murid pemulihan khas serta meneroka faktor yang mempengaruhi emosi mereka. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah penyelidikan campuran iaitu kaedah kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Seramai enam orang murid pemulihan khas yang berumur 9 tahun telah dipilih melalui kaedah persampelan bertujuan. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah soal selidik dan temu bual. Data dikumpul melalui soal selidik dan temu bual separa berstruktur. Data kuantitatif dianalisis secara deskriptif manakala data temu bual dianalisis secara tematik. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa jenis emosi yang dialami oleh murid pemulihan khas ialah gembira, sedih, takut, kejut dan marah. Emosi gembira adalah emosi dominan dalam kalangan murid pemulihan khas. Kekerapan emosi gembira didapati paling tinggi antara jenis emosi yang dialami oleh murid pemulihan khas. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan murid pemulihan khas cenderung mengalami emosi gembira sepanjang hari di sekolah. Faktor yang mempengaruhi emosi murid pemulihan khas sekolah rendah ialah faktor aktiviti pembelajaran, sokongan guru, sokongan rakan sebaya dan keluarga. Kajian ini membawa implikasi kepada guru pemulihan khas agar lebih memahami emosi yang dialami oleh murid pemuihan seterusnya membantu guru merancang aktiviti yang mampu meningkatkan emosi gembira dalam kalangan murid pemulihan khas di sekolah.
Copyright (c) 2025 Cheah Chinn Chyr, Muhammad Syawal Amran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effectiveness of the AYU-OCS Portal in Improving Teachers’ Teaching Activities in The Classroom
This study evaluates the AYU-OSC Portal, a digital education platform designed to enhance teaching practices and student engagement. Leveraging a quantitative approach, data were collected from 135 educators, predominantly female (85.9%), aged 35–54 years (88.2%), with most holding bachelor’s degrees (69.6%) and having 10–20 years of teaching experience (63.7%). The portal demonstrated high usability, with mean scores of 4.45 (SD = 0.70) for ease of use and 4.30 (SD = 0.81) for frequent usage. Accessibility ratings were also strong, particularly in enhancing self-education (Mean = 4.59, SD = 0.55) and adaptability (Mean = 4.56, SD = 0.53). Aligned closely with curriculum needs, the portal's resources scored highly for their effectiveness, with mean scores of 4.53 for both alignment and multimedia engagement. Teachers highlighted its positive impact on knowledge exchange, self-directed learning, and overall classroom dynamics. However, some challenges were noted, including navigation complexity (Mean = 3.53, SD = 1.16), suggesting areas for refinement. To further optimize the portal, respondents recommended integrating interactive elements, gamification, and advanced content to cater to higher education needs. These enhancements would elevate engagement levels and address diverse user preferences. The AYU-OSC Portal stands out as a scalable and inclusive solution, leveraging digital tools to meet modern educational demands. By addressing user feedback and refining its features, the platform demonstrates significant potential to transform teaching methodologies, foster equitable learning opportunities, and support educational innovation on a broader scale.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hamidah Mat, Farrah Wahilda Khirluddin, Nurlisa Kamba, Wan Hazaruddin Wan Hassan, Muhammad Suffi Yusof, Zuly Rahimie Zulkfli, Lim Yiet Im, Agila Themmedu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Measuring the Performance of Public Universities Malaysia Using CCR Model and Ranking with Super Efficiency Model
The efficiency and productivity of a country's higher education system significantly influence its ability to develop and flourish. Furthermore, efficiency becomes a crucial performance metric for universities overall, assisting decision-makers in formulating policies that promote the intended outcomes and prudently allocating resources. There is a lot of pressure on public higher education around the world to perform better and be of higher quality. This study examines the efficiency scores of 20 public universities in Malaysia using the input-oriented CCR model and output-oriented CCR model and also the Super Efficiency model. Three inputs and five outputs are determined to measure the performance of the university. The number of postgraduate students enrolled, the number of undergraduate students enrolled, and the number of academic staff are the inputs, while the number of graduates, the number of graduates working, the number of graduates who choose to further studies, the number of graduates who choose to develop skills, and the number of graduates waiting for work placement are the outputs. The findings show that out of 20 public universities, 13 public universities are efficient with an efficiency score equal to 1 using the input-oriented CCR model and output-oriented CCR model. Meanwhile, the remaining seven public universities showed inefficient score results. UNIMAP got 4.103862 for the Super Efficiency score, which was ranked first out of thirteen efficient public universities in 2023, making it the most efficient public university. By ranking public university, interested parties, such as the higher education sector or university administration, can take steps to enhance and maximize university performance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Norfarziah Adna, Nazhatul Sahima Mohd Yusoff, Siti Sarah Alia Sheikh Zolknain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HandSnap++: An Android Application for Debugging Handwritten C++ Code using Image Processing through Optical Character Recognition and Compiler
Paper coding, where students write C++ codes on paper during assessments, enhances logical and problem-solving skills but still has challenges, particularly in manual debugging. HandSnap++ is an innovative application that extracts handwritten C++ codes utilizing Optical Character Recognition (OCR), compiles the scanned codes, provides debugging feedback, and scores the students’ codes. This study employed a descriptive and developmental method within the quantitative research framework, gathering interviews and evaluations from 20 instructors and 20 students in the department of computer studies to assess the effectiveness of the HandSnap++ application in achieving its objectives that greatly contribute to the educational field and institution. The application, upon its development, proved to be an effective alternative tool for debugging in resource-limited environments, such as in computer laboratories, especially in state universities, as the app is portable. It also reduces overlooking errors in checking through OCR, provides timely feedback on scores for students, stores their answers digitally, and helps students adapt to utilizing compilers in an application. The application was evaluated with ISO 25010, and among the categories, its functional stability attained the high score average while its performance efficiency was scored last. Even with these results, it is recommended to explore OCR models focused on improving special character recognitions as well as to expand the supported language, not just C++, for compiling.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arias, Clarq Anderson P, Miranda, Stephen Felipin S, Paguinto, Juliana Arla S, Pangkubit, Rhea Joy M https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Wireless Communication Learning Through Interactive Hands-On Trainer Applications Using 433 MHz LoRa Networks
This study presents an innovative hands-on trainer using 433 MHz LoRa networks to enhance learning in the DEP50063 Wireless Communication course at Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah. The trainer addresses the challenge of outdated lab equipment, which limits student’s understanding of key wireless concepts such as frequency, distance, low power and environmental impact. Designed to link the gap between theory and practice, the trainer integrating ESP32 boards, LoRa SX1278 modules and adjustable antennas to provide an interactive and practical learning experience. The main objectives are to improve student engagement, develop skills in wireless IoT technology and make practical sessions more efficient for lecturers. Positive feedback from students and lecturers highlights significant improvements in understanding and applying wireless communication concepts, meeting Course Learning Outcome 2 (CLO 2) and Program Learning Outcome 5 (PLO 5). The trainer also demonstrates strong commercialization potential, being cost-effective, scalable and applicable to various industries such as agriculture and smart cities. In conclusion, the 433 MHz LoRa trainer is a valuable educational tool that equips students with the skills needed for real-world challenges while enhancing teaching and learning efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aslinda Zamah Shari, Fazida Adlan, Guan Chengg Wong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SpeakQuest - Using 5w1h to Improve Speaking Skills among Level 2 Pupils
SpeakQuest is an innovative intervention designed to improve speaking skills among Malaysian English as a Second Language (ESL) learners, specifically targeting primary school pupils aged 10-12 years. Preliminary observations indicated that these pupils demonstrated lower speaking proficiency compared to their abilities in reading, writing, and listening. As a result, many students scored lower on the speaking component of the Classroom Based Assessment, with increased focus on non-speaking components in the End-of-Academic-Session Examination. To address this issue, SpeakQuest was developed as a platform for students to learn and practice speaking through the use of 5W1H questions. The intervention incorporates differentiated learning activities, designed for beginner, intermediate, and advanced learners. The platform, primarily hosted on Padlet, integrates various educational tools such as Canva, Quizizz, ChatGPT, ElsaSpeak, Powtoon, and Google Translate, to create an interactive and engaging environment for students. This intervention offers a variety of activities, including Q&A practice, flashcards, video recordings, and creative projects. The main objectives of SpeakQuest are to enhance pupils’ speaking skills using 5W1H questions, boost their confidence in speaking, and increase their interest in learning English. Additionally, SpeakQuest also provides a flexible, safe space for students to practice speaking, either independently or as a tool for teachers to integrate into lessons. Data collection includes pre- and post-tests, student questionnaires, and teacher observation checklists. 6 pupils were selected to use this intervention. Based on the overall findings, the use of SpeakQuest did significantly help pupils in enhancing their speaking skills besides giving them a space to develop their creativity and learn English in a fun way. As a whole, SpeakQuest is an effective and versatile intervention that can be used for both teaching and independent practice.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aishwarriya Sasi, Evelyne Ilam Beriak, Aimi Khairiyah Hamdan, Melor Md Yunus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pendidikan Theory-Based Learning Era 4.0: Manfaat Kursus Teori Seni Dengan Penggunaan Platfom Ai
Pendidikan teori seni di kalangan pelajar Kolej Pengajian Seni Kreatif (KPSK) Universiti Teknologi MARA kampus Machang (Kelantan) dan Kota Samarahan (Sarawak) bagi kursus pengajian budaya visual (Visual Culture Studies - VCS) seperti teori seni dan sejarah seni kurang diminati. Melalui pemerhatian, para pelajar KPSK di dua buah kampus lebih selesa dengan kursus berorientasikan studio/practice-based learning. Hal ini disebabkan kaedah pengendalian kursus VCS hanya dipelajari secara teori, berbanding kursus studio seni yang dijalankan secara praktikal dengan menekankan kemahiran khusus. Objektif kajian adalah untuk mengenalpasti penerimaan pelajar KPSK terhadap penggunaan platfom Ai sebagai kaedah dalam pembelajaran yang mampu menghasilkan produk inovasi (termasuk video pembentangan), khususnya melalui kursus teori seni. Di samping itu, kajian secara tidak langsung berhasrat mengetengahkan kepentingan mempelajari dan memahami teori-teori seni melalui penulisan prompt selaras dengan keperluan industri terutamanya selepas tamat pengajian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan konsep pembelajaran yang dihasilkan telah menggalakkan para pelajar KPSK di dua kampus berbeza (bahagian pantai timur & borneo, Malaysia) menterjemahkan teori seni melalui penulisan prompt yang dinyatakan, kepada penghasilan sesebuah rekaan seni dalam jangka masa yang singkat sebelum diterjemahkan dalam pelbagai bentuk merchandise sebagai projek inovasi mereka. Konsep kajian yang dihasilkan merupakan inovasi terhadap bidang pendidikan teori dan sejarah seni khususnya golongan pendidik sebagai usaha mewujudkan suasana pembelajaran yang praktikal walaupun dalam sesebuah sesi syarahan (kelas). Kerangka konsep yang dicadangkan menjadi satu kaedah yang baik untuk rujukan khususnya dalam bentuk buku panduan kepada para pendidik dan pelajar bagi kursus VCS secara ringkas serta infografik. Reka letak yang tersusun dan mudah difahami, membantu pembaca mengaplikasikan kerangka konsep agar dapat diterjemahkan dengan baik dan efisyen. Secara tidak langsung konsep kajian dapat mengubah pandangan dan persepsi pelajar terhadap kursus teori seni yang sebelum ini bersandarkan kepada syarahan dan nota semata, kepada menerokai perkembangan idea melalui platfom Ai.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohd Iqbal Badaruddin, , Muhd Luqman Ibnul Hakim Mohd Saad, Wan Juliana Emeih Wahed, Nani Hartina Ahmad, Mohd Ifwat Mohd Ghazali, M. Shahrul Hisham A. Tarmizi, M. Shukor Romat, Noor Azzanny Jamaludin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Leveraging AI-Generated Audio in the Metaverse for Enhanced English Listening Skills: An Innovative Approach
Conventional listening tasks often involve synchronous drilling in the classroom setting whereas students would listen to audio clips in workbooks for asynchronous learning. However, the former approach is deemed monotonous by most learners while the latter does not ensure the consistency of audio quality in terms of the speakers’ accents. Hence, researchers have incorporated the elements of Metaverse and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in developing a Google Classroom equipped with AI-generated audio being embedded in a Metaverse. The ADDIE Model is employed throughout the development of MetaListen. MetaListen aims to develop original resources aligned with the Form 5 Curriculum and the SPM listening format to assist students with deficient listening abilities. A quasi-experimental study on a total of 80 students showed that students who employ the following tool of learning exhibit an improvement in their listening scores as well as their learning attitudes pertaining to listening as independent samples t-test conducted indicated a significant difference between the control group (without MetaListen intervention) and treatment group (with MetaListen intervention). MetaListen utilises AI, the Metaverse, and Google Classroom to create a dynamic learning environment that enhances cognitive processing and retention of listening materials. It offers immersive and interactive learning experiences through the Metaverse. Google Classroom in MetaListen is structured and user-friendly that supports differentiated learning and improves listening skills. AI employed in MetaListen, provides consistent, context-relevant learning materials for English listening. MetaListen's scaffolding effectively aids students' learning processes, and the Teacher’s Book with AI-generated prompts enriches the educational experience for both teachers and students, making MetaListen a comprehensive English listening practice tool. Therefore, MetaListen notably enhances English listening skills and fosters a positive shift in student learning attitudes, highlighting its effectiveness and innovation as an educational tool in the English educational settings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chua Wei Chuan, Law Cheh Pau, Ooi Yuen Hui, Melor Md Yunus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Utilising the VIBE Module on Quizizz to Enhance Vocabulary Learning among Year 5 Pupils
The influence of technological progress on the education system is substantial, especially in highlighting the need for innovative applications in teaching and learning. However, previous studies found that Malaysian primary school pupils across the country needed refinement in the mastery of English vocabulary. Therefore, this study aims to develop a module that consists of 6 sets of questions which are then presented interactively via the use of Quizizz and to investigate its effect on pupils’ vocabulary learning. The effectiveness of using the developed module via Quizizz is evaluated from the design point of view and to pupils’ experience and cognitive style in the context of year 5 (11 years) primary school in Sabah. This innovation uses Quizizz, an interactive online learning platform as a medium to implement the developed module. This study uses the ADDIE model, which is divided into five phases; Phase 1 (analysis), Phase 2 (design), Phase 3 (development), Phase 4 (implementation), and Phase 5 (evaluation). Additionally, each set adheres to five steps in vocabulary learning; Step 1 (translating into first language), Step 2 (using pictorial stimuli), Step 3 (vocalisation), Step 4 (answering quiz), and Step 5 (cloze test). Experts were consulted to verify the application and design of this innovation. Results revealed that the questions in the Quizizz can be used to enhance pupils’ vocabulary learning. This application enables the creation of interactive, engaging, and entertaining learning experiences. This study also acknowledges the limitations and future recommendations of this study.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jester Daniel Jayes, Chang Li Sean, Ahmad Syazwan Safwan Yusri Readuan, Melor Md Yunus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Development of Interactive Antenna Module for Wireless Communication Practical Assessment
This research focuses on the development of an interactive antenna module to enhance hands-on learning in wireless communication, specifically within the DEP50063 Wireless Communication course at Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah. Traditional teaching methods and outdated laboratory equipment have limited student’s ability to fully understand antenna systems and wireless communication concepts. This problem has motivated the creation of an innovative antenna module that incorporates both omni-directional and directional antennas, modems and signal analysis tools to improve practical assessments. The objective of this innovation is to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of antenna characteristics, such as signal strength, coverage, and environmental factors, through interactive, real-world learning experiences. The developed module allows students to engage in experiments using modern equipment, facilitating the exploration of antenna performance in varying conditions and distances from the Base Transceiver Station (BTS). The results of these experiments showed that the directional antenna provided better performance in terms of higher download and upload speeds, emphasizing the importance of antenna type in optimizing wireless communication systems. The interactive module not only deepens student’s- comprehension of theoretical concepts but also enhances their technical proficiency in real-world applications. This approach offers a significant benefit by bridging the gap between theory and practice, preparing students for industry demands. The findings demonstrate the module's potential in transforming wireless communication education, making it more engaging and practical. Overall, this innovation improves student learning outcomes and better equips them for future challenges in wireless communication.
When AI intervene Clinical Decision-Making: The influence of Organisational Support, Cognitive Load, and Perceived Autonomy
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare holds the potential to optimise clinical decision-making. However, the effectiveness of AI intervention in clinical decision-making can influence the ability of healthcare professionals to effectively process and apply AI-generated recommendations. This research examines the influence of organisational support (OS) on cognitive load (CL) and its impact on the effectiveness of AI-assisted clinical decision-making. The study further investigates the mediating role of cognitive load and explores the moderating effect of perceived autonomy (PA). Organisational Support Theory (OST), Cognitive Load Theory (CLT), and Self-Determination Theory (SDT) are used to support these dynamics. The targeted respondents are medical doctors in Malaysia, and data are analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). It is expected that the increased OS will reduce CL, leading to improved AI-assisted clinical decision-making, with PA strengthening this relationship. The findings offer actionable insights for healthcare institutions, suggesting strategies to strengthen AI implementation, streamline workflows, and enhance clinical decision-making.
Copyright (c) 2025 Isparan Shanthi, Ai-Na Seow https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development and Control Method for a Six-Wheeled Robot with a Bogie Structure
This study focuses on the development and optimization of a six-wheeled Rocker-Bogie Robot designed for efficient stair navigation in diverse environments. The robot’s design incorporates critical parameters, including wheel placement, motor torque distribution, and suspension geometry, to enhance stability and adaptability. A systematic iterative process improved the robot’s ability to overcome obstacles such as stairs with dimensions of 6 × 30 cm and 8 × 34 cm. The methodology integrates kinematic constraints, contact angle analysis, and motor control optimization to refine performance. Experimental results validated the robot’s capability to ascend and descend stairs while maintaining stability, demonstrating its potential for real-world applications in delivery, healthcare, and maintenance. This work contributes to advancing cost-effective and reliable stair-climbing robotics, paving the way for further enhancements in service robotics for complex indoor and outdoor terrains.
Copyright (c) 2025 Derry Dexler Sylvester, Aiman Idris, Noor Dian Eka Wahyu Mohamad, Nurhafiza Lokman, Nur Nabila Syafiqah Sufian, Mohd Kamal Kamarulzaman, Sakinah Hisham, Qayyum Halim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development Of ICC-Box to Enrich Intercultural Communication Among Asian ESL/EFL Speakers
Globalization transforms the world into a highly connected and interdependent space. The modern era has expanded globalization practices to the academia. For higher education, global prominence is included as one of the aspirations to strengthen Malaysia as an educational hub. One of the key initiatives suggested is by fostering collaborations with international educational institutions to equip students with instrumental knowledge and skills which they can apply in an increasingly competitive global environment. Nonetheless, globalization can lead to cross-cultural communication issues among students if they have not developed cultural intelligence to help them understand other cultures well. To overcome some of these issues, ICC-Box (Intercultural Communication Box) has been developed and incorporated in oral communication activities in a multicultural classroom which consisted of Malaysian, Chinese and Indonesian students at UiTM Kelantan Branch. A survey was conducted to gather the students’ perceptions of ICC-Box. The results from the survey indicated that the students held positive perception towards intercultural communication, suitability to students, utilitarian, and general learning content attributes of ICC-Box. By adopting the Communicative Language Teaching Approach, ICC-Box offers students the opportunities to interact and learn more about cultural similarities and differences with their international counterparts without feeling highly concerned about their English language competence.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nor Syamimi Iliani Che Hassan, Siti Ainul Ayzan Ayub, Nor Hairunnisa Mohammad Nor, Wan Muhammad Fitri Wan Amir Nizam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Innovative Biosorption of Crystal Violet Dye Using Chemically-Enhanced Pineapple Crown Leaf (CPCL)
: This study presents a sustainable and innovative approach to dye-contaminated wastewater treatment using pineapple crown leaves (PCL) as a low-cost biosorbent for the removal of crystal violet (CV) dye. Synthetic dyes like CV are widely used in the textile industry and pose serious environmental threats due to their toxicity, stability, and resistance to conventional treatment methods. Agricultural waste such as PCL offers an eco-friendly alternative for wastewater remediation, aligning with circular economic principles. In this work, raw PCL (RPCL) and NaOH-treated PCL (CPCL) were evaluated for their adsorption performance. Chemical treatment with sodium hydroxide significantly enhanced the surface properties of PCL by increasing porosity, surface area, and the number of active functional groups, as confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Batch adsorption studies were conducted with varying adsorbent dosages to compare the dye removal efficiency of RPCL and CPCL. The results revealed that CPCL exhibited better adsorption capacity, achieving a maximum dye removal efficiency of 98.35%, compared to 97.02% for RPCL. The improved performance of CPCL demonstrates the effectiveness of alkali activation in enhancing biosorbent properties. This research emphasizes the potential of transforming agricultural waste into high-performance adsorbents for industrial wastewater treatment. The method is not only cost-effective and environmentally friendly but also scalable, offering practical applications in textile effluent management and rural water purification. The findings contribute to green chemistry initiatives and support sustainable innovation in environmental technology, making it highly relevant for industries seeking efficient, environmentally responsible dye remediation solutions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rabuyah Ni, Muhammad Mirza Hizami Rajiei, Rohit Paul https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Innovating Education: AI-Powered Self-Instructional Materials for the Moodle Platform
This innovative Self-Instructional Material (SIM) for Linear Algebra, seamlessly integrated into the Moodle platform, offers students a flexible and accessible learning experience. Designed initially for Open and Distance Learning at Universiti Sains Malaysia, the AI-powered SIM enables self-paced and self-directed learning, catering to diverse learning needs and preferences. It provides self-explanatory, self-contained, and self-motivating resources, empowering students to take control of their learning journey. This approach addresses access to quality education challenges, particularly for students in remote or underserved communities. The SIM utilizes AI algorithms to personalize learning paths, adapt to individual student pacing, and offer interactive tutorials, adaptive quizzes, and real-time feedback. Technology integration transforms traditional educational paradigms, providing students worldwide with unparalleled access to high-quality learning experiences in Linear Algebra.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Ainor Mohd Yatim, Nurulhuda Ramli, Hazrul Abdul Hamid, Mohd Asyraf Mansor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Forecasting The Price of Research Octane Number 97 (RON97) In Malaysia: A Box-Jenkins Approach
In Malaysia, there are three types of gasoline which are Diesel, RON95 and RON97. In this study, the focus will be RON97. RON97 is one of the factors that can significantly impact Malaysia’s economy. This fuel also has many factors that influence the price of it, which in turn affect both consumer and user. Consumers, businesses, policymakers, and energy industry players in Malaysia rely on accurate RON97 price forecasts for effective budgeting, cost management, economic planning, and strategic decision-making. The volatile nature of global crude oil prices, together with the influence of taxes, refining costs, and currency exchange rates, makes RON97 price prediction a complex challenge. This study addresses the need to determine the best forecasting model for monthly fuel price of RON97 between Box-Jenkins autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. The data is taken from Malaysia’s Official Open Data Portal, which consists of the price of Petroleum and Diesel in Malaysia. This data consists of monthly prices of RON97 fuel in Malaysia since January 2020 until January 2024. The ARIMA (1,1,1) model was selected as the best forecasting approach. The forecasted range of the price of RON97 generated by this model was between RM 3.37 and RM 3.62. Future research could investigate the use of external factors or seasonal components to improve model performance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurul Syakinah Mohd Zaki, Noreha Mohamed Yusof https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of the Tale-Tweaking Tool on Students’ Narrative Writing Performance
The Tale-Tweaking Tool (TTT) is a cutting-edge smartphone application designed to enhance the storytelling skills of first-semester diploma students at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). Students accustomed to academic writing, particularly expository writing, often struggle to compose a concise 100-word narrative paragraph, a requirement of UiTM's new English language curriculum for first-semester diploma students (LCC111). To address these challenges, TTT provides lectures, multiple-choice questions based on the lectures, and step-by-step exercises to develop students’ ability to craft succinct narratives. After engaging with the app, an online survey was conducted to gather feedback on its effectiveness. The survey results indicate that TTT significantly enhanced students’ understanding of sentence construction, story sequencing, concise writing and narrative elements such as plot, character, and setting. In conclusion, TTT serves as a valuable teaching tool that greatly enhances narrative writing skills, making it an essential component of UiTM’s current language curriculum. Its potential for wider adoption and further refinement could revolutionise creative writing instruction, ultimately benefiting a broader audience.
Copyright (c) 2025 Noraziah Mohd Amin, Anwar Farhan Mohamad Marzaini, Muhammad Haziq Abd Rashid, Nur Fatin Shahmina Mohd Fauzey, Mohd Firdaus Abdullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Micro-Scale Voltaic Cell Experiment Based on PjBL-STEM Using POME Waste for Sustainable Energy Education
This study explores the utilization of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) as an electrolyte in a micro-scale voltaic cell experiment integrated into a Project-Based Learning–Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (PjBL-STEM) framework. The primary aim is to develop an applicable green chemistry learning model that contributes to sustainable energy solutions. A quasi-experimental method was implemented with Grade XI science students at Sekolah Indonesia Kota Kinabalu, involving the stages of problem identification, experimental design, implementation, data analysis, and reflection. Results demonstrate that POME effectively functions as an alternative electrolyte, producing up to 8.71 Volts and 3.12 mA of current in a five-cell series configuration. The linear relationship between the number of POME cells and the generated voltage (Y = 17.25X + 1.85) indicates its potential as a micro-energy source for low-power electronic devices. The integration of local waste into science education not only supports the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) No. 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and No. 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), but also fosters opportunities for renewable energy innovation grounded in local contexts. This model can be adapted in resource-limited schools to promote learning that is relevant, contextual, and environmentally conscious.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nayudin Hanif, Isana Supiah Yosephine Louise, Suyanta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementing Discrete Least Squares Software for Real-World Data Analysis to Find Velocity.
Determining velocity accurately from real-world data is crucial in many scientific and technical fields. However, there are many obstacles to overcome when attempting to extract accurate velocity information from unclear or inconsistent datasets. In this research article, we provide a thorough explanation of the application of discrete least squares (DLS) software for velocity analysis using actual data analysis. DLS provides a strong framework for estimating velocity from continuous datasets by minimizing the sum of the differences between actual and predicted values, using the concepts of least squares optimization. By using theoretical explanation, realistic examples, and quantitative verifications utilizing a variety of datasets, we clarify the effectiveness and suitability of DLS for correctly and efficiently obtaining velocity data. In addition, we go into the mathematical foundations, computational techniques, and practical problems related to DLS implementation, offering useful knowledge. Additionally, we go into the conceptual foundations, practical issues, and computational techniques related to the implementation of DLS, offering insightful information to researchers as well as practitioners. This research is significant because it has the potential to improve velocity prediction from real-world data in terms of accuracy and dependability. This will help with decision-making and advance scientific understanding in a variety of fields. This work advances knowledge and innovation in domains ranging from biology and economics to physics and engineering by providing researchers with strong tools and methodologies for velocity analysis. Overall, our research demonstrates that discrete least squares is a flexible and effective method for obtaining useful velocity information from large, complicated datasets, providing new opportunities for investigation and learning across a variety of fields.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mohd Agos Salim Nasir, Sidik Rathi, Siti Izzati Amni Suhami, Siti Athirah Abu Bakar, Zubaidah Sadikin, Nurzalina Harun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0