eWAQ Insight360: An AI-Powered Digital Financial Inclusion Analytics System for Assessing e-Wallet Acceptance Among Low-Income Communities in Malaysia
Keywords:
e-wallet, fintech, artificial intelligence, financial inclusion, behavioral analyticsAbstract
eWAQ Insight360 is an AI-driven digital inclusive finance analysis system designed for Malaysia’s B40 low-income group. Developed to address barriers to e-wallet adoption among this population, the system relies on the validated eWAQ questionnaire and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). It can assess adoption readiness, identify existing barriers, and generate evidence-based recommendations. Having undergone three types of validation, eWAQ Insight360 serves a wide range of relevant stakeholders, aligns with the relevant targets of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and advances the development of financial inclusion.
References
Al-Dmour, A., Al-Dmour, H., Al-Barghuthi, R., Al-Dmour, R., & Alshurideh, M. T. (2021). Factors Influencing the Adoption of E-Payment During Pandemic Outbreak (COVID-19): Empirical Evidence. In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control (Vol. 334). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67151-8_8
Chawla, D., & Joshi, H. (2021). Attitude as a mediator between antecedents of mobile banking adoption and user intention. International Journal of Business Excellence, 24(3), 321-339.
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, 13(3), 319–339. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
Garg, M. C., & Kumar, P. (2020). Awareness and acceptance level of customers regarding electronic banking service in selected public and private Indian banks. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(5 Special Issue), 703–710.
Garrouch, K. (2021). Does the reputation of the provider matter? A model explaining the continuance intention of mobile wallet applications. Journal of Decision Systems, 00(00), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/12460125.2020.1870261
Hassan, M. I. U., Wu, M., Kashif, U., Rasool, Y., Sohu, J. M., & Akhtar, M. (2025). Digital Finance and Banking Stability : Balancing Inclusion and Risk in Asian Economies. Sains Malaysiana, 54(6), 1641–1656. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5406-18
Kamis, R., Ismail, S., Harun, H., Awang, A. H., & Abidin, M. I. (2024). E-Wallets Unplugged: Navigating Benefits and Challenges in a Post-Pandemic World. Information Management and Business Review, 16(4(S)), 1–8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v16i4(S)I.4266
Kamis, R., Ismail, S., Rahman, N. H. A., Muthusamy, G. a/p, Abidin, M. I., Awang, A. H., & Zain, Z. M. (2023). Acceleration towards Cashless: Safeguarding the Low-Income Group? International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(8), 1092 – 1106. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v13-i8/18168
Muthusamy, G., Awang, A. H., Harun, H., Kamis, R., Bahtar, A. Z., Yazid, Z. A., & Daud, S. (2024). Modeling the technology readiness index (TRI) for the adoption of mobile payment technologies during the Covid-19 pandemic. AIP Conference Proceedings .AIP Publishing., Vol. 2799(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0183139
Patil, P., Tamilmani, K., Rana, N. P., & Raghavan, V. (2020). Understanding consumer adoption of mobile payment in India: Extending Meta-UTAUT model with personal innovativeness, anxiety, trust, and grievance redressal. International Journal of Information Management, 54(February), 102144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102144
The Edge Malaysia. (2021, March 1). Malaysia Digital Economy Blueprint: MyDIGITAL: A Game Changer if well executed. The Edge. https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/malaysia-digital-economy-blueprint-mydigital-game-changer-if-well-executed
Tounekti, O., Ruiz‐martínez, A., & Skarmeta‐gómez, A. F. (2021). Users’ evaluation of a new web browser payment interface for facilitating the use of multiple payment systems. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(9), 14–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094711
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Rohaiza Kamis
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The authors of MJII retain copyright to the content of the articles.
The content is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 which allows content to be copied, adapted, displayed, distributed, republished, or otherwise re-used for any purpose, including for adaptation and commercial use provided the content is attributed without any restriction.
Authors Rights
The Journal grants you the following non-exclusive rights, subject to giving propoer acknowledgement to the original journal. The authors may:
(i) to reprint or reproduce the contribution, in whole or in part, in any publication of your interest.
(ii) to use material for teaching purposes; including availability of the matarial in academic course.
(iii) to post a copy of the contribution on your personal or institutional web server, provided that the server is non-commercial and there are no charges for access, and
(iv) to deposit a copy of the contribution in a non-commercial data repository maintained by an institution of which you are a member.
Author's Agreement
Author(s) guarantee the journal the following:
(i) that the contribution is their original work;
(ii) that it contains, no matter what, content that is defamatory or is otherwise unlawful or which invades rights of privacy or publicity or infringes any proprietary rights (including copyright);
(iii) that the contribution has not been published elsewhere in whole or in part and that no agreement to publish is outstanding other than this agreement. Author(s) agree to be responsible and hold the journal, its editors, staff and affiliate organizations harmless against any claims arising from or related to the breach or inaccuracy of any of the guarantees listed above.
Disclaimer
The editorial team of the MJII and the publication team of Academica Press Solutions share no responsibility regarding the views and opinions expressed by the authors.
The content published in MJII is Open Access and can be shared, adapted, reproduced, reprinted, after appropriate acknowledgment and giving due credit to the author(s) work.
