Innovation Series Quarterly, a dynamic journal dedicated to advancing the discourse on innovation, cutting-edge research, and new product development. Our mission is to foster a vibrant intellectual community where scholars, practitioners, and industry leaders can share groundbreaking ideas, methodologies, and case studies that drive progress across disciplines. The primary objective of Innovation Series Quarterly is to promote high-quality research and publications that explore the latest trends, challenges, and opportunities in innovation. By providing a platform for thought leadership, we aim to inspire creativity, facilitate knowledge exchange, and accelerate the development of transformative products and solutions. Join us in shaping the future of innovation—one breakthrough at a time. JOURNAL PARTICULARS Title: Innovation Series Quarterly Frequency: Quarterly (4 issue per year) ISSN: 3093-7876 Journal DOI Prefix: Not Applicable Publisher: Academica Press Solutions, Batu 23, Kg Jias, 17000 Pasir Mas, Kelantan, MALAYSIA. Chief Editor: Izzatil Husna Arshad, Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan Branch Copyright: 2026 by the authors. Submitted for open access publication under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) Starting Year: 2025 Subject: Social Science, Health Science, Science and Technology, Informatics, Information Management, Content Management, Records Management, Management, Business and Management, Accountancy, Policy Studies, Communication {focusing on elements of invention and innovation}. Language: English, Malay Publication Format: Online Contact Numbers: +60 19989 1306 Email: hello.academicapress@gmail.com
Nigella sativa derived Nano Bioactive Antimicrobial as a Next Generation Intracanal Medicament for Resistant Endodontic Pathogens
This study investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of thymoquinone, the active component of Nigella sativa, against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and compared it with calcium hydroxide. Thymoquinone dissolved in 10% DMSO was evaluated using MIC, MBC, and anti-adherence assays. It showed strong activity, with an MIC of 1.6 µg/ml and an MBC of 3.2 µg/ml. Sub-MIC concentrations also reduced bacterial adherence. These findings suggest thymoquinone is a promising alternative or adjunctive intracanal medicament to calcium hydroxide, supporting further investigation through clinical studies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohamed Khirul Nizzuan A.H, Mohamed Zohdi N, Hasnah Begum Said Gulam Khan, Jaafar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CAPIDS (Capable Kids): An Interactive Game-based Application for Early Mental Disorders Identification in Children
Children with mental disorders represent a significant and growing global health concern. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 317 million people were affected in 2019. This impacts their motoric and cognitive development. To enhance awareness of children's mental disorder an interactive Android game-based application was developed using Kodular. It offers two modes: a child mode, access is limited to the animated tasks, and parent mode provides systematic reports to analyse children’s behaviour. This dual-structure supports early identification of mental disorder symptoms and the feasibility of assistive agents for children with special needs in daily social interactions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zhafirah Novaliza, Raden Achmad Rafif Natanza, Radhya Irfanadhif Tirtawijaya, Mischa Dashea Amadea, Jiyad Fataya Sajad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Smart Parser and Analyzer for Blood Test Reports with Abnormality Detection
Blood test reports play a critical role in screening and monitoring of diseases but are usually presented in numerical and technical systems and hence lack understanding when presented to patients and non-clinical users. This paper is a proposal of a smart parser and analyzer that converts the raw data on blood tests into structured, readable, and easy-to-use formats. A Python-based algorithm derives essential parameters of the laboratory and assesses diabetes status, glycaemic control, complete blood count abnormalities, and diabetes risk based on the accepted medical rules. The analysis based on the use of anonymized datasets reveals a similar level of classification accuracy and a better interpretation of results, which can prove the usefulness of the tool as an educational decision-support tool.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khesieny Jaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The increasing demand for eco-friendly radiation shielding materials has prompted exploration of sustainable biopolymers reinforced with natural waste-derived fillers. This study investigates the utilization of duck eggshell waste, an abundant agricultural byproduct, as a functional additive in biopolymer films for radiation protection applications. Duck eggshells, primarily composed of calcium carbonate, were processed into fine powder and incorporated into biodegradable polymer matrices to enhance mechanical strength and attenuate ionizing radiation. The resulting biopolymer films were characterized for their structural and radiation-shielding properties using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis.) and gamma-ray attenuation measurements. Results demonstrated that the inclusion of eggshell powder improved film density and radiation absorption capacity while maintaining biodegradability and flexibility. This approach not only valorizes eggshell waste but also offers a sustainable alternative to conventional synthetic shielding materials, contributing to environmentally responsible solutions in medical, industrial, and nuclear applications. The study highlights the potential of waste-derived biopolymers in advanced functional materials.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Amirah Ishak, Siti Amira Othman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Easy2Distance Learning V2 (Easy2DL V2): A Web-Based Self-Learning Support System Using Database-Driven Architecture
The post-pandemic education landscape requires flexible and sustainable self-directed learning support systems that go beyond static web platforms. However, many existing learning platforms still rely on static web technologies that lack user management, learning tracking, and system scalability. This study presents Easy2Distance Learning V2 (Easy2DL V2), a database-driven web-based learning support system developed to address the limitations of Google Sites. Using a Design Research and Development (DDR) approach, the system was designed and implemented using native PHP and MySQL. Functional testing and comparative analysis indicate improvements in content management, user interaction, and personalized learning plan support. Easy2DL V2 provides structured access to digital learning tools through centralized data management and a scalable architecture, supporting sustainable self-directed learning for both individuals and educational institutions.
Copyright (c) 2026 ELISNORAZMALIZA AB HAMID, Hartati Maskur, Roshila Abdul Mutalib https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Real-Time AI Water Surface Obstacle Detection for Small Boat Navigation Using Stereo Vision and Edge Computing
Reliable perception of water surface obstacles is essential for safe boat navigation and maritime monitoring. This paper presents an AI-based water surface obstacle detection system using stereo vision and an NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX edge platform. A custom Roboflow dataset with four target classes (boat, debris, structures, aquatic plant) was developed, and a YOLOv11 model was fine-tuned using pretrained COCO weights. Evaluation on unseen samples achieved mAP@0.5 of 0.7561, precision 0.7988, recall 0.6586 and F1-score of 0.7220. The results highlight strong detection performance, demonstrating potential for real-time deployment in boat navigation safety applications. Future work includes dataset expansion and sensor fusion.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdullah Atiq Arifin, Mohd Fahmi Mat Zin, Noor Haslyena Hassan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
This project addresses the limited accessibility and high cost of conventional laboratory mixing equipment by developing a compact, low-cost Multipurpose Orbital Shaker suitable for educational, research, and small-scale applications. The methodology involves designing the shaker using SolidWorks and fabricating a prototype with an aluminium profile frame, stainless steel platform, worm-geared DC motor, and an electronically controlled system with PWM speed regulation and IoT-based remote operation. The results demonstrate that the shaker can deliver stable orbital motion with adjustable speed, supporting loads of up to 15 kg while maintaining consistent performance. The project concludes that the proposed Multipurpose Orbital Shaker offers a practical, affordable alternative to commercial units, enhances hands-on laboratory learning, and provides a flexible solution for mixing, stirring, and sieving tasks within constrained budgets and spaces.
Copyright (c) 2026 hazriel faizal pahroraji, Addin Farihin Bin Nasri, Nabil Arif Azmi Sharizal, Muhammad Aidid Mizan Faisulazwan, Muhammad Danial Fitri Nadzri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
VoltWatch: An IoT-Enabled Arduino System with Leakage Detection, Power Monitoring, and Relay-Based Shutdown
This problem addresses the problem of small electrical leakages — a major cause of hazards in households and workplaces, often resulting in electric shock and fire incidents. This study designed and developed a prototype where the system is tested under controlled conditions, and its performance was analyzed through leakage detection, response time measurement, alert transmission and monitoring power consumption. Results showed that the prototype successfully detected electrical leakages, initiated shutdowns, and transmitting alerts and power consumption data to the users. This study concludes that the developed prototype can be a solution for household and school electrical safety.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gabielle Jhen Tronco, Inie Atis, Arjolyn Sotaridona, Nor-Soffian Uyag, Axel John Robleza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Tropical Climate Fire Hazard Index (FHI)
Wildfire incidents have become an alarming phenomenon that threatens the ecology, economy, and public safety. Thus, this research aimed to develop a Fire Hazard Index using LST, NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NDDI, and NBR to suit the tropical climate region. The spectral indices were extracted from the Landsat 8 image, and the MLR was applied to obtain the correlation coefficients. The results show that the index was statistically significant and describing 71% (R2 = 0.71) of the variation in the data. Geospatial technologies and spectral data applied in this innovation would help authorities to optimize resource allocation and perform controlled burns.
Wildfire, Fire Hazard Index, Geospatial Analysis, Spectral Indices, Fire Mitigation
Copyright (c) 2026 NAZIRAH MD TARMIZI, ANWARZAINI, A.Z https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HERMEDION: A Solar-Powered IoT-Based Vaccine Transport Box with Real-Time Monitoring and Tracking
HERMEDION is a solar-powered IoT vaccine transport box that keeps vaccines safe while being delivered to rural areas. It uses an R&D approach with the ADDIE model equipped with temperature, humidity, GPS, GSM, and shock sensors, and an ESP32 controller with a Peltier cooler. Tests showed that it kept vaccines in the WHO-required range of 2–8°C with low vibration and stable humidity. With solar power, the battery life went from 55.47 hours to 68.77 hours. People gave it excellent marks for its functionality, usability, and how well it could be changed. HERMEDION is a cheap and dependable solution to vaccine transport, especially in the Philippines for only ₱9,182.
cold-chain, IoT, vaccine transport, solar-powered
Copyright (c) 2026 Neil Mark Marcos, Daniella Lois Ladura, Princess Lyca Gania, Fernando Amparo, John Paul Sarangaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BreathRight-AI: An Intelligent Breath Analyzer for Diabetic Risk Predicition, Monitoring, and Personalized Recommendations
Diabetes mellitus remains a major global concern, with many cases undiagnosed due to costly and inaccessible diagnostic methods, especially in rural areas. This study developed and evaluated BreathRight-AI, a portable, non-invasive breath analyzer for detecting acetone in exhaled breath as a marker of diabetic risk. The device integrates an MQ-138 sensor with an ESP32 microcontroller to measure acetone, classify risk, and log data. Using a quantitative correlational design, thirty (30) diabetic and non-diabetic participants were purposively selected. Breath acetone levels (ppm) were compared with fasting blood sugar (mg/dL) using a glucometer. Results revealed a very strong correlation (r = 0.981, p < 0.00001), with each 1 ppm acetone increase corresponding to a 56 mg/dL rise in blood glucose. The prototype showed 95.6% classification accuracy, with better performance in low- and high-risk cases than borderline ones. Stability tests showed consistent results (SD = 0.073 ppm). Findings suggest that BreathRight-AI is a promising, user-friendly screening tool for early diabetes detection, though further calibration and large-scale clinical validation are needed. Keywords: Diabetes, Breath Acetone, Non-invasive screening, MQ-138 sensor, Diabetic risk monitoring
Copyright (c) 2026 Nathan Wihlz Bestes, Alexa, Mizzy, Jerry, Zhykiah Winze https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ASCLEPIUS: AN AI-ENHANCED COMPUTATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR REAL-TIME DENGUE OUTBREAK GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS USING MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AND MACHINE LEARNING FORECASTING
Dengue fever is still a public health problem in South Cotabato, Philippines, where late discovery makes it hard to respond quickly to outbreaks. Tupi is a municipality in South Cotabato that has 15 barangays. The dengue virus spreads differently in different areas because of the different people, topography, and weather. This study created ASCLEPIUS, an AI-enhanced framework for real-time dengue geospatial analysis. It uses hybrid MLR–LSTM modeling and machine learning predictions to look at dengue incidence, temperature, humidity, windspeed, rainfall, and population size. The approach was integrated into a web-mobile platform that included geospatial mapping, symptom logging, and an AI chatbot. It achieved R² = 0.9993 in forecasts and 98% accuracy with chatbot responses, which helped promote proactive, climate-responsive dengue.
Dengue Forecasting, Mathematical modelling, Geospatial analysis, Machine learning, AI chatbot
Copyright (c) 2026 ALEXA JANE POSAS (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Empowerment 21st Century Learning Experience Using Islamic Finance Mastermind Game
The International Survey of Adult Financial Literacy conducted on Financial Education in 2023 found that 70% of adults take full consideration on affordability to but in purchase decision. However, on financial product comparison, only 26% of adults compare financial products across providers and only 24% of adults seek financial advice from independent sources when purchasing financial products and services. This study examines the application of Game-Based Learning (GBL) approach in teaching and learning of Islamic banking and finance . The Islamic Finance Mastermind Game (IFMG) is designed based on the three (3) key thrusts outlined in the Financial Sector Blueprint 2022–2026, namely: (1) financial literacy, focusing on the understanding and application of Islamic banking and finance principles; (2) Early Islamic financial planning, emphasising financial management for both worldly needs and the hereafter; and (3) Islamic social finance, encompassing Takaful, zakat, and sadaqah. The main objectives of IFMG are to transform Islamic Finance Education through strategic GBL, to strengthen Shariah-Compliant Financial Decision-Making and critical thinking through this GBL experience, to bridge academia, industry, and society through scalable Islamic Finance innovation and to empirically measure and validate learning impact in Islamic Finance Education. The interactive scenario gives opportunity to all players to decide on Shariah compliance financial products. Students have to engage in simulated financial decision-making processes involving Islamic deposit, Islamic financing and Islamic investment. The teaching of financial literacy in Islamic banking and finance through GBL by using IFMG is able to stimulate financial decision that are Shariah-compliant among students and young people that are dependent on their parent and have yet to experience the actual money management in their life.
Financial literacy, Game-based learning, Islamic banking and finance
Copyright (c) 2026 Azlin Suzana Salim, Puan Nor Amilia Izzati Muhamad, Cik Anis Suhaila Anas, Cik Raudhah Mohd Tarmizi, Dr Muhammad Azizur Rahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
GR-AI-N: HYBRID MLR-LSTM MACHINE LEARNING-DRIVEN RICE YIELD FORECASTING SYSTEM WITH GENERATIVE AI INTEGRATED PLATFORM FOR REAL-TIME OPTIMIZED PLANTING TIME PREDICTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Rice production in the Philippines is highly sensitive to climate variability, causing yield losses and inefficient resource use. This study presents GR-AI-N, a hybrid forecasting system combining Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, and a Generative AI chatbot to predict rice yields and provide real-time recommendations. Historical geo-climatic data informed the hybrid MLR–LSTM model, which achieved high accuracy (R² = 0.99) and reliable planting forecasts through 2100. The chatbot demonstrated strong performance (F1 = 0.9766). User surveys on functionality, usability, adaptability, and acceptability showed excellent results. GR-AI-N thus delivers accurate, AI-driven decision support for sustainable rice production.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hayla D. Caitor, Il Nam O. Cho, Ayman Latip, Han Mark M. Lumayal, Ava Claire T. Ponteras https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Alkaline Corrosion Control Using Sustainable Natural Inhibitors
Using natural corrosion inhibitors from calcium carbonate has gained attention in corrosion prevention approaches as it offers comparable and significant benefits compared to other corrosion inhibitors. Consequently, eggshells with a high amount of calcium carbonate were proposed as a corrosion inhibitor to evaluate the effect on the corrosion behavior of mild steel. In this study, eggshell waste was extracted in an ethanol solution using a Soxhlet extractor and concentrated using a rotary evaporator to produce the proposed natural corrosion inhibitor. The characteristics of the inhibitor were then examined and verified through FTIR and XRD analysis. The corrosion performance was then evaluated through the weight loss method in 30% Sodium Hydroxide. The corrosion rate and inhibiting efficiency were also performed to analyse the effect of eggshell concentration on the mild steel. Additionally, increasing the eggshell concentration decreases the corrosion rate and increases the inhibitor efficiency. This is due to CaCO3 in eggshells, a barrier to metal surfaces. Results indicate that selecting eggshell as a natural corrosion inhibitor successfully and confirmable protected the surface. Thus, this study is a viable utilization of sustainable use from eggshell waste in reducing the corrosion occurrence of mild steel in an alkaline environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 hazriel faizal pahroraji, Muhammad Aidid Mizan Faisulazuan, Muhammad Danial Fitri Nadzri, Addin Farihin Nasri, Muhammad Nabil Arif Azmi Sharizal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Green Corrosion Inhibitor from Kitchen Wastefor Acidic Environments
Natural corrosion inhibitors containing calcium carbonate have gained attention due to their performance. Eggshells are promising inhibitors because of their high CaCO₃ content, making their effect on mild steel corrosion important to study. Eggshell waste was extracted using ethanol in a Soxhlet extraction and concentrated by rotary evaporation. Inhibitor solutions of 1–15 g were prepared. FTIR and XRD were used to characterize the inhibitor. Corrosion behavior was evaluated by weight loss tests in 1.0 M HCl for 3, 5, and 7 days. Results showed increased CaCO₃ adsorption on steel surfaces, reducing corrosion rate and improving inhibition efficiency under acidic conditions.
Copyright (c) 2026 hazriel faizal pahroraji, Muhammad Danial Fitri Nadzri, Muhammad Aidid Mizan Faisulazuan, Addin Farihin Nasri, Muhammad Nabil Arif Azmi Sharizal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Semi-Automatic Traditional Malay Kuih Machine
This project addresses the problem of slow and tiring manual production of traditional Malay kuih during the Hari Raya festive season, especially when demand is high. The methodology involves designing a semi-automatic kuih machine using SolidWorks and fabricating it with a stainless-steel frame, a motorized pressing system, and traditional molds. The findings show that the machine can produce kuih faster with more consistent shape and quality. The project concludes that the proposed machine effectively supports home bakers and small businesses while preserving traditional kuih designs.
Copyright (c) 2026 hazriel faizal pahroraji, Nabil Arif Azmi Sharizal, Addin Farihin Nasri, Muhammad Aidid Mizan Faisulazwan, Muhammad Danial Fitri Nadzri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IoT-Based Smart Extension Plug: Enhancing Energy Management and Safety through Real-Time Monitoring and Remote Control
The Smart Extension Plug (SMEP) is an IoT-based device developed to address inefficient electricity consumption in college dormitories. Using the iterative Agile model, the system integrates the Blynk application for remote control, real-time voltage/current monitoring, and automatic timers. Evaluation through a quantitative survey of 36 respondents showed a 72% improvement in energy management efficiency, alongside reduced waste and enhanced safety. The project demonstrates the potential of IoT in fostering sustainable energy habits among students and supporting national energy agendas.
Copyright (c) 2026 Azryna Azlen Mohd Nordin1, Muhamad Naufal Shairul, Amyr Farkhan Mohd Armyzy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Innovative Approach to Student Presentations Using A3 Visuals
This teaching innovation addresses students’ overdependence on slide-based presentations in the Personal Development and Ethics course. Students conduct online research using credible sources and present their findings using traditional A3 paper instead of digital slides. By organizing information through drawings, diagrams, and keywords, students actively process and structure content before presenting to the class. This approach is guided by Constructivist Learning Theory and Experiential Learning Theory, where students learn by actively constructing knowledge through hands-on tasks. Classroom implementation shows improved student engagement, better understanding of topics, and clearer communication of ideas. The method demonstrates a low-cost, practical, and scalable teaching innovation for higher education.
Copyright (c) 2026 ZANARIAH RAHMAN, Syaidatul Zarina Mat Din, Akmal Aini Othman, Norashikin Ismail, Jaslin Md. Dahlan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Novair : IoT Based Food Freshness Tracker
Food waste and safety issues in household and small food service environments often arise from the lack of real-time freshness monitoring in conventional refrigerators, which rely primarily on temperature control and visual inspection. To address this limitation, this paper presents Novair, an IoT-based food freshness tracking system designed to detect early signs of food spoilage and enhance storage management. The system integrates gas sensing (MQ2), RFID/NFC-based inventory tracking, and automated air circulation using DC fans and a natural deodorisation mechanism. Sensor data are processed using an Arduino Uno and ESP32, with real-time monitoring, alerts, and remote control provided through the Blynk mobile application. Experimental validation using simulated spoiled food samples demonstrated reliable gas detection, timely user notifications, effective air quality management, and accurate ingredient logging. The results indicate that Novair improves user awareness of food condition, supports proactive spoilage mitigation, and has strong potential to reduce household food waste while enhancing food safety.
KHAIRUNNUHA ATHIYYAH BINTI KHAIRUL ANUAR
Copyright (c) 2026 HANA NABIHA BINTI CHE ROSLI, AZYYATI BINTI MAHAT, KHAIRUNNUHA ATHIYYAH BINTI KHAIRUL ANUAR, DHIA NAFISA BINTI MOHAMMAD FAUZI, NORLELA BINTI ISHAK (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Keberkesanan BITRA dalam Pengukuhan Litarasi Awal dan Kemahiran Motor Halus Murid
Kajian ini membentangkan keberkesanan Blok Interaktif Traktif (BITRA) dalam meningkatkan litarasi awal dan kemahiran motor halus murid prasekolah dan tahap satu. BITRA merupakan inovasi pendidikan berasaskan blok kayu berwarna yang membantu murid membentuk huruf dengan lebih cepat dan tepat. Kajian kuasi-eksperimen melibatkan tiga responden menggunakan soal selidik skala Likert lima mata, pemerhatian berstruktur, dan temubual separa berstruktur. Dapatan menunjukkan peningkatan min skor daripada 2.13 kepada 4.88 selepas intervensi. BITRA terbukti berkesan meningkatkan kebolehan menterjemah corak, kemahiran motor halus, kebolehan membuat gambaran dan mencorak, serta minat murid dalam pembelajaran huruf asas. Implikasi kajian menunjukkan BITRA berpotensi sebagai alat bantu mengajar yang efektif, kos rendah, dan mesra alam.
Copyright (c) 2026 DR. NORSIAH BINTI BAHARI, MUHAMAD HAZWAN HAMIDAN, ISMAIL AHMAD, HASLINA RAMLI, AZMAN AZIZ (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ard Al-Eab. Project related to the psychological grounding technique with the help of an engineering concept.
Ard Al-eab is the model to help people calm themselves. This model had a manual and required creative assembly. This model replaces their ineffective coping mechanism with a positive one, resulting from improvements in their financial and psychosocial well-being. This model is a bridge between engineering and psychology. The methodology uses using Bernoulli principle, Torcelli's law, and the grounding technique with the five senses. Eventually, the feedback has not been established yet, but this model can reduce plastic footprint by 83.5kg per year. The model needs to be improved with the establishment of quantitative and qualitative data of the user.
Copyright (c) 2026 MOHD NABIHAN ADLI, Mohd Fadzlee Junaib, Hilaria Terra Thomas Hinjiang, Mohamad Yurizal Hafizuddin Mohd Yuri, Ag. Mohd Syazwie Abd. Mutalip (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AutoRehab Cycle Plus with Data Logging System
The AutoRehab Cycle Plus with a data-logging system is an innovative rehabilitation device for patients with limited lower-limb movement. It integrates load cells and data logging to record parameters such as leg pressure, cycling direction, duration, and frequency. Its motor-assisted mechanism enables passive pedaling, thereby supporting movement without voluntary effort. The recorded data are stored in Excel/CSV format for easy analysis and long-term tracking. By providing real-time feedback and objective metrics, the system allows therapists to accurately monitor patient progress. This data-driven approach enhances rehabilitation outcomes, offering a more efficient and patient-centered therapy solution for semi- paralyzed individuals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jalil Lias, Rhafhathir Ismail, Wan Iman Hakim Fahrul, Nik Aiman Harith Mahmad Saidi, Rasydan Ruslan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Reinnovating Business Model Canvas Learning: BizFlip
Reinnovating Business Model Canvas Learning: BizFlip is an interactive digital flipbook designed to enhance learning and application of Business Model Canvas (BMC) in entrepreneurship education. In contrast to traditional approach, BizFlip integrates digitalized activities, real-world case studies and gamification to promote experiential and iterative learning. BizFlip’s effectiveness was evidenced through an entrance- and exit-survey involving 37 learners. The results revealed significant improvements in learners’ understanding, application and confidence in developing and refining business models. Therefore, BizFlip can be deemed as an effective digital learning tool with strong commercialization potential for entrepreneurship education and training.
Copyright (c) 2026 NOORAIN MOHD NORDIN, SUHAILAH KASSIM, ASSOC. PROF. DR KOE WEI LOON, DR NURUL EZAILI ALIAS, NURUL AZLINDA CHEK TALIB, AEMILLYAWATY ABAS (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Halal Supply Chain Risk Management in Malaysia's Digital Era: An Integrated Framework with MYeHALAL, MyDigital, and Blockchain Infrastructure
The framework develops an integrated MYeHALAL with blockchain infrastructures in Malaysia's MyDigital national digital transformation agenda for a comprehensive HSCRM framework that suits Malaysia's digital economy. Institutional theory and risk governance theory underpin the study that adopts a combination of a systematic literature review with conceptual synthesis to determine the vital halal risks at different stages in the supply chain. In the proposed framework, Malaysia's blueprint for the digital economy is leveraged, along with its new infrastructure for blockchain, to enhance levels of traceability, oversight by regulatory institutions, and integrity assurance. The researcher has designed the framework to fit Malaysia's long-term goals. The target is positioning as a regional leader in the digital economy by 2030. These findings may present strategic and policy insights to regulators such as JAKIM and the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, and its industry players, for positioning Malaysia as a global benchmark in digital halal governance in the near future.
Halal supply chain, Risk governance, MyDigital, Blockchain, Digital halal ecosystem, Malaysia Blockchain Infrastructure
Copyright (c) 2026 Maizatul Akmal Musa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Design of a Web-Integrated IoT System for Environmental Monitoring Using ESP32
This project presents the design and implementation of a web-integrated IoT environmental monitoring system using the ESP32 microcontroller. The system measures temperature, humidity, air quality, atmospheric pressure, altitude, and light intensity using the BME680 and LDR sensors. Sensor data are transmitted via Wi-Fi to an Apache Tomcat server and stored in a MySQL database. Data were visualized through a real-time JSP-based web dashboard. Testing showed stable communication, accurate sensor readings, and reliable data retrieval with no packet loss. Real-time and 10-minute interval displays demonstrated consistent environmental trends, confirming the system’s capability for continuous indoor monitoring. The results indicate that the proposed architecture is effective, low-cost, and suitable for future extension into multi-node or cloud-based applications.
Environmental Monitoring, IoT, ESP32, MySQL, Tomcat
Copyright (c) 2026 Ts MOHD FAIZAL BIN MUSTAPHA, Ts SHEILANI BINTI SHAARI, NIK NOR HISHAMUDDIN BIN NIK MUSTAPHA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Fostering Entrepreneurial Skills and National Identity through Thematic Experiential Learning: A Case Study of '2 Pintar Market Day' Merdeka-Themed Student Enterprise Project
This study analyses "2 Pintar Market Day," a Merdeka-themed entrepreneurial initiative involving Year 2 ESL students in Malaysia. Employing a qualitative case study methodology, data gathered via observations, artefacts, and reflections was subjected to theme analysis. The results indicate that thematic experiential learning cultivated entrepreneurial competencies, including initiative, cooperation, and problem-solving, while simultaneously improving authentic English usage. The Merdeka theme facilitated individuals in expressing their cultural pride and national identity. The research enhances entrepreneurial education for young ESL students and demonstrates the significance of employing culturally pertinent approaches to integrate language, skills, and identity.
Copyright (c) 2026 ANIS NADIAH AHMAD NAJWA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Next-Generation Natural Sunscreen: A Six-Phase Homogenization Approach with Encapsulated Filters for Enhanced Photoprotection and Thermal Stability
As concerns escalate regarding the dermatological safety and ecological impact of conventional sunscreens especially under intense UV radiation and high humidity in tropical regions like Malaysia there is a critical need for advanced, natural photoprotective solutions that deliver reliable efficacy without compromising environmental responsibility. This study presents a next-generation herbal–mineral sunscreen formulation employing a sophisticated six-phase homogenization process to achieve precise multi-phase microstructuring, which enhances stability, uniform dispersion, and sensorial performance of the active components. The formulation integrates bioactive botanical extracts, including α-Bisabolol and Roman Chamomile, with micronized Titanium Dioxide mineral filters to deliver broad-spectrum UV defence and excellent dermal compatibility. The formulation’s performance and resilience were rigorously validated through multiple assessment protocols: SPF Testing to quantify sun protection efficacy; a proprietary ThermoShield Assay designed to simulate intense heat exposure and demonstrate enhanced thermal barrier properties; and UV Transmittance Card Evaluation to visually confirm UV blocking performance. Results demonstrated consistent photoprotection, rapid absorption, a non-greasy texture, and a transparent finish without white cast effectively overcoming key limitations of conventional formulations. By combining high-performance sun protection, potent botanical bioactivity, and an eco-conscious profile through a controlled multi-phase production approach, this innovation sets a new benchmark in natural photoprotection and addresses the unmet need for safe, multifunctional sun care tailored to demanding climatic environments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Srivalli Chellvarajoo, Engku Ardiana Engku Mohd Azhari1, Sanchita Ravichandran (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development and Content Validation of the Integrated Audit Management System (IIAMS) for Educational Institutions
This study evaluates the content validity and usability of the IAB Integrated Audit Management System (IIAMS), a digital tool developed by the Aminuddin Baki Institute to enhance internal audit management through ISO 9001:2015 standards and Lean principles. Employing a descriptive quantitative design, seven expert evaluators assessed the system's content using a structured questionnaire. The Content Validity Index (CVI) and descriptive analysis via SPSS Version 28 were used to analyze the data. All items received I-CVI values above 0.78, signifying high content validity. Experts rated the system highly (mean scores: 4.2–4.6) in terms of interface usability and content clarity, despite noting some smartphone access issues. Findings support IIAMS as a platform for digital audit innovation with potential for broader implementation across Malaysia's educational training institutions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rashidah Mohd Said, Mohamadnor Basri Shafe, Wan Zaliha Wan Othman, Elango Periasamy, Rashida Awang, Hamidah Mat, Tuan Zahrah Tuan Mat, Rokiah Mohd Nazir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cemetery Land: Sustainable Dashboard Development for Perlis E-Cemetery
The Perlis E-Cemetery Dashboard offers a sustainable solution to address the growing need for efficient cemetery land management in areas with limited land like Perlis. Traditional methods lack predictive insights and real-time data visualization, leading to poor long-term planning. This dashboard integrates demographic analysis, predictive modeling, and interactive visual tools to forecast cemetery land utilization and estimate when full capacity will be reached. It supports proactive decision-making, aligns with Islamic Cemetery Planning Guidelines, and encourages sustainable land use. The system has strong commercialization potential and can be adapted by other regions to enhance urban planning and community resource management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hafizah Bahaludin, Ainul Mardhiah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0