Design of a Web-Integrated IoT System for Environmental Monitoring Using ESP32

Authors

  • Ts MOHD FAIZAL BIN MUSTAPHA POLITEKNIK KOTA BHARU
  • Ts SHEILANI BINTI SHAARI
  • NIK NOR HISHAMUDDIN BIN NIK MUSTAPHA

Keywords:

Environmental Monitoring, IoT, ESP32, MySQL, Tomcat

Abstract

This project presents the design and implementation of a web-integrated IoT environmental monitoring system using the ESP32 microcontroller. The system measures temperature, humidity, air quality, atmospheric pressure, altitude, and light intensity using the BME680 and LDR sensors. Sensor data are transmitted via Wi-Fi to an Apache Tomcat server and stored in a MySQL database. Data were visualized through a real-time JSP-based web dashboard. Testing showed stable communication, accurate sensor readings, and reliable data retrieval with no packet loss. Real-time and 10-minute interval displays demonstrated consistent environmental trends, confirming the system’s capability for continuous indoor monitoring. The results indicate that the proposed architecture is effective, low-cost, and suitable for future extension into multi-node or cloud-based applications.

Author Biographies

  • Ts MOHD FAIZAL BIN MUSTAPHA, POLITEKNIK KOTA BHARU

    Senior Lecturer, Electrical Engineering Department

  • Ts SHEILANI BINTI SHAARI

    Lecturer, Electrical Engineering Department

  • NIK NOR HISHAMUDDIN BIN NIK MUSTAPHA

    Lecturer, Electrical Engineering Department

References

Dewi, D. A. I. C., Swardika, I. K., & Santiary, P. A. W. (2025). Development of an IoT-based monitoring system for temperature and humidity using ESP32 and DHT22 sensors, integrating MySQL query optimisation. Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Green Tourism Applied Science, 39–48. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-878-3_6

El-Khozondar, H. J., Mtair, S. Y., Qoffa, K. O., Qasem, O. I., Munyarawi, A. H., Nassar, Y. F., Bayoumi, E. H. E., & Abd El Halim, A. A. E. B. (2024). A smart energy monitoring system using ESP32 microcontroller. e-Prime – Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy, 9, 100666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prime.2024.100666

Karag-et al. (2025). An IoT-based agricultural data monitoring system using ESP32 microcontroller for remote environmental tracking. International Journal of Computer Applications, 187(11), 41–XX.

Khan, M. R., Farooq, U., & Hassan, S. (2023). Real-time IoT data acquisition and logging using ESP32 microcontroller and MySQL relational databases. IEEE Access, 11, 122450–122461. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3321450

Mota, A., et al. (2025). Implementation of an Internet of Things architecture to monitor indoor air quality using ESP32-C6. Sensors, 25(6), 1683. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25061683

Omkar, N., Rahul, S., Vijaykrishna, R., Swapna, N., & Maheswara Reddy, S. (2024). Smart environmental monitoring using ESP32 microcontroller. IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE), 19(3, Ser. 1), 7–12.

Othman, H. (2024). Low-cost IoT-based indoor air quality monitoring. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing Technology, 8(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2024.2405403

Rahman, S., & Abdullah, M. (2025). Indoor environmental quality assessment using integrated IoT sensing platforms. International Journal of Smart Technology, 9(1), 22–34.

Santos, J. P., Almeida, R., & Correia, P. (2024). Cloud-enabled IoT environmental monitoring system using ESP32 and web-based visualization dashboard. Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, 13(2), 45–59. https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan13020045

Witczak, D., & Szymoniak, S. (2024). Review of monitoring and control systems based on the Internet of Things. Applied Sciences, 14(19), 8943. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14198943

Downloads

Published

2026-02-28